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Neuropsychological and socio-emotional functioning in children from an afro-descendant ethno-linguistic community: A cross-sectional descriptive study

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Objectives: Rural low-resource settings face structural barriers that can delay detection of neurodevelopmental needs. In rural Afro-descendant ethno- linguistic communities, socioeconomic and territorial stressors may affect development, yet local evidence remains scarce. This study characterized neuropsychological and socioemotional functioning in children aged 7-12 years from a rural Afro-descendant community in the Colombian Caribbean, focusing on age-referenced classifications and areas of relative strength or lower performance. Materials and Methods: Quantitative, observational, cross-sectional descriptive study. Forty-one children (51.2% girls) without documented neurodevelopmental/psychiatric diagnosis were recruited by convenience sampling. Neuropsychological functioning was assessed with the evaluación neuropsicológica infantil (ENI-2), and self-perceived socioemotional functioning with the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-i: YV). Analyses were descriptive; no inferential comparisons with normative means were conducted. Results: ENI-2 showed broadly age-expected performance in visuoconstruction, perception, core language, and attention. Lower performance appeared in auditory-verbal learning/free recall, semantic and graphic fluency, selected flexibility indices, reading speed, symbolic number processing, and mental calculation. EQ-i: YV self-report scores were within the average range. Conclusion: Among participating children, findings suggest predominantly age-expected neuropsychological and self-perceived socioemotional functioning with selected areas of lower performance. Given the modest convenience sample and possible cultural-linguistic limits of normative references, these preliminary results should not be generalized to rural Afro-descendant communities as a whole.

Source: Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice

DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_61_2026

Authors: Cherish Nikita Cantillo Ramos, Stephanny Inés Burgos Vásquez, Jorge Emiro Restrepo

Institutions: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Tecnológico de Antioquia

Language: English

Topic: Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Subfield: Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology

Field: Psychology

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Good health and well-being, Reduced inequalities

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $125