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Shared Energy Storage Rental and Benefit Allocation for Renewable Energy Alliances with Deviation Netting

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Shared energy storage can improve the economic and operational sustainability of renewable energy stations through coordinated management of forecast deviations and enhanced integration of green-power in the grid. However, independent deviation management may overestimate storage rental demand, fixed contracts have uncertain ex-post performance, and benefit allocation may not reflect realized settlement. This paper proposes a day-ahead shared energy storage rental and benefit allocation framework integrating deviation netting and ex-post settlement. Expected station-level deviations are first netted, and rented power and energy capacities are optimized against the residual deviations. A Stackelberg game then determines the operator’s rental prices and the alliance’s capacity response, thereby forming a fixed day-ahead contract. Cooperative incremental benefits are calculated from out-of-sample ex-post operating costs and allocated using a Shapley method with individual-rationality constraints. Under the examined case study settings, expected deviation netting reduces the rented power capacity by 43.50%, increases the rented energy capacity by 33.87%, and decreases the alliance’s expected total cost by 12.84%. In the independent 1000-day out-of-sample evaluation, the S2 contract reduces the mean cost relative to the S1 contract by 5.97% and is less costly than S1 on 94.90% of the test days. The resulting Shapley allocation satisfies efficiency, budget balance, individual rationality, and the core constraints under the examined conditions, supporting sustainable resource utilization in renewable power systems.
DOI: 10.3390/su182111031
Language: English
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,896
OpenAlex ID: W7224751105
FWCI:
Cites: 30
Cited by:
Related to: 10