Work

The Impact of Mesoporous Silica Pore Size on UV Protection Effectiveness in Sunscreen Formulation

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Introduction: Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation elevates the risk of skin damage and photoaging; however, topically applied organic UV filters present risks of transdermal absorption. Mesoporous silica offers potential as a topical delivery matrix by accommodating active agents within its structured porosity. Methods: This study evaluated the effect of SBA-15 mesoporous silica (SM) pore size variations (4, 6, and 12 nm) on the UV protection efficacy and ex vivo skin permeation of Tinosorb M (TM) sunscreen stick formulations. TM was loaded into SBA-15 via solvent evaporation at defined TM:SM ratios. Characterization was conducted using XRD and DSC, and physical stability of the sunscreen sticks (n=3) was evaluated over 28 days. In vitro SPF values and ex vivo skin permeation using Franz diffusion studies (n=3) were measured. Results: Characterization via XRD and DSC confirmed successful encapsulation and amorphous dispersion of TM within the pores, with Assayed Content (TM Content) peaking in the 12 nm system (3:7 TM:SM ratio). Sunscreen sticks (n=3) maintained physical stability over 28 days. Encapsulation enhanced UV protection, with the 4 nm pore size system achieving the highest SPF value (37.72 vs 34.52 for unencapsulated TM). In Franz diffusion studies (n=3), TM encapsulation in SM reduced transdermal penetration compared to the unencapsulated control, with the lowest cumulative penetration observed in the 4 nm pore system after 6 h. Discussion: Although in vivo safety and long-term toxicity evaluations remain to be performed, these findings indicate that SBA-15 mesoporous silica can enhance photoprotection while reducing transdermal absorption of Tinosorb M.

Source: International Journal of Nanomedicine

DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s634388

Authors: Feggy Yustika Sitinjak, Marshella Dhanu Ardhita, Insan Sunan Kurniawansyah, Arif Budiman, Diah Lia Aulifa

Institutions: STIKes Namira Madina, Padjadjaran University

Language: English

Topic: Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis

Subfield: Materials Chemistry

Field: Materials Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,836