Work

The impact of the transition and European Union membership on the returns to schooling in Europe

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Countries across Eastern Europe and Central Asia are in their third decade of independence. What impact does this have on the skills premium and does accession to the European Union have an impact on the returns to education? The returns to education in 28 transition and 20 non-transition countries in Europe and Central Asia are analyzed using panel data analysis and difference-in-difference methods to estimate the impact of transition and EU accession. It is found that the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy increases the returns to schooling in post-socialist countries positively and significantly, especially through the EU accession channel.

Source: International Journal of Educational Development

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2026.103690

Authors: Harry Anthony Patrinos, Angelica Rivera-Olvera

Institutions: World Bank, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville

Language: English

Topic: Labor market dynamics and wage inequality

Subfield: Economics and Econometrics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Quality education, Reduced inequalities, Decent work and economic growth

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,490