Інтегральне Оцінювання Силових Якостей Легкоатлетів-спринтерів З Урахуванням Динаміки Тренувального Ефекту
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Introduction. The modern paradigm of sports training requires further scientific search for effective approaches to improving the strength qualities of young sprinters from the standpoint of comprehensive control of the phase dynamics of the training process. The aim of the study was to conduct comprehensive monitoring and an integral assessment of the strength qualities of 16-year-old track-and-field sprinters during the preparatory period, taking into account the dynamics of the training effect and determining the relationships between strength fitness and functional adaptation indicators. Materials and Methods. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources; pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The development of strength qualities in 16-year-old track-and-field athletes specializing in sprint events during the preparatory period was characterized by positive changes in maximum strength, speed-strength, and strength endurance. The application of the 5-point sigma scale made it possible to determine the levels of individual components of strength fitness, assess their compliance with normative ranges, and identify differences in the variability of strength qualities between boys and girls. The final assessment of speed-strength demonstrated predominantly stable results within age-related normative ranges, whereas strength endurance showed greater variability, particularly among girls, indicating the need for targeted improvement of this component in the training process. During the preparatory period, the integral indicator of strength adaptation (IPSA) increased significantly by 6.3% in boys and 6.5% in girls (p < 0.01), confirming positive changes in the adaptive capacity of the athletes. Physical working capacity assessed by PWC₁₇₀ increased by 16.7% and 15.7%, respectively (p < 0.01), indicating improved functional fitness and the effectiveness of the applied training loads. Resting respiratory rate decreased by 10.7% in boys and 9.2% in girls (p < 0.05), reflecting positive changes in the functional state of the respiratory system. The greatest increase in strength was recorded in handgrip dynamometry: 22.3% in boys and 7.7% in girls. Positive changes were also observed in maximum strength, speed-strength, and strength endurance. Moderate and strong correlations were found between maximum and speed-strength indicators and IPSA and PWC₁₇₀ (r = 0.61–0.78; p < 0.05–0.01), confirming their informative value and leading role in assessing the strength and functional adaptation of young sprinters. Overall, the findings demonstrate a positive training effect and support the use of comprehensive strength monitoring for individualized adjustment of training loads during the preparatory period. Conclusions. The development and determination of normative ranges for integral assessment within the comprehensive monitoring of strength fitness are of significant theoretical and practical importance for improving the athletic performance of sprinters.
Authors: R. M. Stasiuk, V. M. Serhiienko, N. A. Kulik
Language: English
Subfield: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W7225007465