Pengaruh Pola Asuh Permisif Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Emosi Anak Usia 4–5 Tahun Di Ra Baitul Fikri
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: This study aims to describe permissive parenting and the social-emotional development of children aged 4–5 years, and to analyze the effect of permissive parenting on social-emotional development at RA Baitul Fikri, Cilegon. A quantitative ex post facto approach with a predictive correlational design was used. The population consisted of 38 children and their parents/guardians, and a sample of 20 parent-child data pairs was determined using the Slovin formula (e = 15%). Permissive parenting was measured with a 25-item questionnaire completed by parents/guardians, while social-emotional development was measured with a 20-item structured observation sheet completed by teachers, both using a four-level scale (scores 1–4). Both instruments were reliable (Cronbach’s alpha 0.933 and 0.965). Data were analyzed descriptively and with simple linear regression at the 5% significance level. Permissive parenting (mean score 62.65) and social-emotional development (mean score 53.70) were both in the moderate category. Permissive parenting had a significant negative effect on social-emotional development (b = −0.787; t = −3.326; sig. 0.004; R² = 0.381): the stronger the permissive tendency, the lower the children’s social-emotional achievement. The findings are predictive and should not be read as definitive causal evidence
Institution: Institut Agama Islam Al-Khairiyah
Language: English
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7225019228