Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Agriculture is increasingly expected to produce more food while minimizing the usage of water, chemical-based fertilizers, energy, chemicals, and labor. Agricultural decision-making is further complicated by climate unpredictability, soil degradation, shortages of water, crop illnesses, pests, weeds, and yield uncertainties. An IEEE-style review and implementation methodology for AI in agriculture is presented in this research. Examined are a number of important applications, including as crop recommendations, crop-yield estimation, disease and pest recognition, weed identification, soil and nutrient administration, smart irrigating, weather forecasting, livestock monitoring, agricultural robots, and post-harvest management. A multilayer AI-enabled farming system is proposed in which a conventional sensor, image processing, and historical information are acquired through IoT, UAV, satellites, and field devices; processed information is provided to machine-learning(ML)/deep-learning models; and the ensuing decisions are transmitted to farmers or automated actuators. Conventional models such as Decision Tree(DT), Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN), Support Vector Machine(SVM), and Artificial Neural Network(ANN) are contrasted conceptually with CNN, LSTM, and Transformer-based techniques.Substantial research gaps in dataset variety, model generalization and explanation, efficiency of computation, cybersecurity, field validation,, and cost for small-scale farmers are also identified in the report. For sustainable intelligent agriculture, a future research path based on explainable AI, edge intelligence, hybrid AI, and multimodal data fusion is suggested.
Language: English
Topic: Smart Agriculture and AI
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W7225082611
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