Work

Probing interconnection defects in solar modules via LBIC phase mapping

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The electrical performance and reliability of photovoltaic modules are strongly influenced by the quality of the interconnections between cells. In this study, advanced Light Beam Induced Current (LBIC) phase mapping was utilized to assess local electrical behavior in half-cell samples before and after lamination. The interconnections were made with intentionally varied quality in different regions. After lamination, all regions exhibited increased phase shifts, with poorly connected areas showing significantly higher values, attributed to increased local series resistance. Cross-sectional optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging confirmed the presence of gaps at poorly soldered contacts, supporting the electrical observations. This study demonstrates that LBIC phase mapping, supported by microscopic imaging, is a highly sensitive method for detecting interconnection defects and provides valuable feedback for improving solar module manufacturing.

Source: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114820

Authors: Majid Salari, Markus Rinio

Institution: Karlstad University

Language: English

Topic: Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,340