Ball Lightning as a Constrained Topological Structure: The "Hollow Charged Bubble" Hypothesis
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: This paper proposes a matter-neutral formation theory for ball lightning. The core hypothesis is that ball lightning is a three-layer charged structure consisting of a "central vacuum -- ionic shell -- outer shielding layer." Its formation is a topological phase transition triggered by a giant fluctuation that pushes the local system to a zero-measure point in phase space, where five critical equations hold simultaneously. The model aligns completely with the Generalized Triadic Mutual Constraints in the Intrinsic Topological Dynamics framework.
Author: Duan, Zhaohong
Language: English
Subfield: Atmospheric Science
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225317760