Carboniferous–Cenozoic Synapsid-to-Mammaliaformes Stem Transition, Detached Three-Bone Middle Ear Evolution, and the 318–0 Ma Crown Mammalia Total-Evidence Time-Tree
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Carboniferous–Cenozoic Synapsid-to-Mammaliaformes Stem Transition, Detached Three-Bone Middle Ear Evolution, and the 318–0 Ma Crown Mammalia Total-Evidence Time-Tree Across 105 NCBI RefSeq sequence records totaling 1,194,667 bp raw (1,241,520 bp aligned supermatrix: 66 complete mitogenomes, 66 in-frame COX1 coding cores, and 39 nuclear NKX3-2/TBX1/EDN1/CSN2/AMELX/ENAM/VTG2 orthologs + 340 Mkv characters; B = 500 RuNIE replicates), our hybrid RuNIE + *MAFFT-L-INS-i + *IQ-TREE2-LG-C60-F-G4 synthesis places Triassic Haramiyida on the mammaliaform stem (214.6 Ma), dates Crown Mammalia to 184.6 Ma and Crown Theria to 158.4 Ma, and resolves the co-evolution of the detached 3-bone middle ear and casein lactation. Canonical Preprint URL: https://crvscience.com/labs/preprints/synapsida-mammaliaformes-timetree-preprint Master (Concept) Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23991261 Open-Source Software Repository (GNU GPL-3.0): https://github.com/bpwhite/crvscience-labs
Author: White, Bryan P.
Institution: CRV (Netherlands)
Language: English
Subfield: Paleontology
Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225331613