Work

High-impulse and reactant-regenerative combustion-based micro actuators

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The use of combustibles in micro-actuator technologies enables powerful impulsive actuation capabilities comparable to those of natural organisms. However, the exogenous dependence of fuel limits the development of combustion-based actuators. We present a closed-cycle reactant regeneration strategy wherein the bidirectional interconversion between hydrogen and water achieves real-time fuel replenishment for reactant-regenerative electrolysis and combustion reactions. Based on this, we develop a 1.5-centimeter actuator that generates forces above 20 newtons and operates continuously for >7200 cycles without refueling (a two orders-of-magnitude improvement over existing combustion-based actuators). Experiments confirm its strength and cross-environment versatility for removing obstacles, jetting, and striking via underwater cavitation. These features enable the actuator to be integrated into small robotic platforms, allowing them to reconfigure local surroundings in an active manner.

Source: Science Advances

DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aei8257

Authors: Jihong Yin, Dongkai Wang, Dazhe Zhao, Yanting Gong, Junwen Zhong

Institution: University of Macau

Language: English

Topic: Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Affordable and clean energy

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $4,500