Work

Early Forms of the Goods Certification System in Movarounnahr: the Role of Muhtasibs, the Master–apprentice Tradition, and Trademarks

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The article examines historical mechanisms for ensuring product quality, professional qualification, and consumer interests in Mawarannahr. The activities of the muhtasib, the master–apprentice system, the practice of ijazah, and the functions of tamga and seals are comparatively analyzed in relation to the modern certification system. The study identifies historical forms of control, qualification verification, identification, and trust-building.

Source: Journal of Chemistry of Goods and Traditional Medicine

DOI: 10.55475/jcgtm/vol5.iss4.2026.710

Authors: G'ofurjon X. Xamrokulov, Ibragim R. Askarov

Institutions: Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute, Andijan State University

Language: English

Topic: Eurasian Exchange Networks

Subfield: History

Field: Arts and Humanities

Domain: Social Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

OpenAlex ID: W7225397555

FWCI:

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