Work

Ginsenoside Profiles of Wild-Simulated and Forest-Grown Panax ginseng: A Scoping Review of Quantitative Evidence and Confounding Factors

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Wild-simulated and forest-grown Panax ginseng commands substantially higher prices than field-cultivated ginseng, largely on the assumption of a superior ginsenoside profile. Following PRISMA-ScR, we searched PubMed and Crossref (14 August 2026) and hand-searched Korean-language journals; 270 of 300 records were retained, and 4199 ginsenoside values were extracted from 44 studies, with the study as the unit of synthesis. Of 18 within-study contrasts in P. ginseng, eight reported higher major-ginsenoside abundances in forest material, but 13 of the 18 contrasts were not age-matched. The five age-matched comparisons were mixed: higher relative abundance of 19 constituents in one untargeted study, higher Re only in another, higher totals but lower Rg1 and Rf in a third, and rare-ginsenoside differences in two, with major ginsenosides either not consistently different or not reported. Truly wild ginseng is represented by fewer than ten quantified roots. Three conclusions follow: (i) forest-grown roots are chemically distinguishable, but consistent enrichment of major ginsenosides has not been shown once age is considered; (ii) largely uncontrolled age, site, plant part, and germplasm produce variation comparable to the reported system differences; and (iii) age-matched, germplasm-controlled studies with harmonized reporting are needed before profile-based quality claims are justified.

Source: Plants

DOI: 10.3390/plants15213472