Black Holes in the W-Structure
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: In the W-Structure, a black hole is the saturation limit 3W: all possible links are realized and nothing changes inside; there is no singularity. Outside, space densifies layer by layer: clock rate e^(−δ), steps per unit path e^(+δ). With δ = GM/(rc²) this is the exponential metric (as in Papapetrou and Yilmaz), which differs from general relativity: throat at e·GM/c² ≈ 2.72 GM/c², shadow radius 2e·GM/c² ≈ 5.44 GM/c², 4.6% larger than in GR (non-rotating layers). New here: the derivation of the field form from layers and links, and what lies beyond the throat; the numbers for this metric are known. Predictions: larger shadow; finite redshift of light near the throat; no black holes lighter than the neutron-star limit (minus mass lost in collapse); no echoes and no Hawking radiation from 3W. Underived points are listed as open questions. English text with the Russian original included.
Author: Danielyan, Hrachya
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225422110