Nine-Dimensional Target Orthodontics (9D-TO): defining the maxillary central incisor target in nine measurable dimensions and auditing ideal, designed and achieved targets
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This technical white paper introduces Nine-Dimensional Target Orthodontics (9D-TO), a quantified method for orthodontic treatment planning that starts from the maxillary central incisor (U1). The method has three components:(1) The U1 target is defined in nine measurable dimensions: anteroposterior position, midline, vertical position, torque, incisal cant, rotation, size, growth and patient preference. Each dimension has a stated method, unit, evidence base and tolerance.(2) Every dimension carries three targets: ideal, designed (constrained by bone, incisive canal and space, and confirmed by the clinician) and achieved. All three are measured with a single protocol.(3) The total discrepancy is decomposed into a constraint gap (ideal − designed), an implementation gap (designed − planned set-up) and an execution gap (planned − achieved). The dentition is derived from the U1 target by a chain-based set-up within CBCT bone boundaries. Occlusion is checked on a CBCT-based virtual articulator with clinician-verified landmarks. Key features: quantifiable; auditable; clinician decides; transparent, AI-assisted implementation. The tools were built by a practising dentist with an AI coding assistant (Claude Code, Anthropic) and Blender. Novelty: to our knowledge, based on a PubMed search on 7 November 2026, no previous work has defined the U1 target in nine measurable dimensions, or decomposed treatment discrepancy into constraint, implementation and execution gaps using a single measurement protocol. This paper introduces the method only; no clinical outcome data are reported. Subsequent technical notes will report the individual modules and their validation. Files: English version (main) and Chinese version. For research and education only; not for clinical diagnosis or treatment planning. ———————————————— 中文摘要 本技术白皮书介绍"九维目标正畸"(Nine-Dimensional Target Orthodontics,9D-TO):一种以上颌中切牙(U1)为起点、可量化的正畸治疗设计方法。 方法包括三部分:(1)用九个可测量维度定义 U1 目标:前后、中线、上下、转矩、切缘倾斜、扭转、大小、生长、意愿。每一维都规定测量方法、单位、依据和容差。(2)每一维有三个目标:理想目标、设计目标(受骨量、切牙管、间隙约束,由医生确认)和实现目标,三者用同一测量方法量化。(3)总差距分解为三段:条件限制差(理想 − 设计)、落实差(设计 − 排牙方案)和执行差(方案 − 实现)。 全牙列由 U1 目标通过链式排牙推出,受 CBCT 骨边界约束;咬合在 CBCT 虚拟殆架上检查,殆架定点经医生核对。 四个特点:可量化、可核对、医生决定、透明的 AI 辅助实现。配套工具由一位执业牙医借助 AI 编程助手(Claude Code,Anthropic)和 Blender 建成。 新颖性:据 2026 年 11 月 7 日的 PubMed 检索,尚未见到用九个可测量维度定义 U1 目标,或用同一测量方法把治疗差距分解为条件限制差、落实差、执行差的研究。 本文只介绍方法,不报告临床结局数据;各模块及其验证将在后续技术短文中逐篇报告。 文件:英文版(主文件)、中文版。 仅供研究与教学,不作为临床诊断与治疗方案。
Author: Huang, Daniel
Language: English
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225453746