Glueball Transient Energy Condensation Experimental Results — Further Verification of the Theory and Prediction That the Strong Force Is Not Mediated by Gluons but Governed by Proportional Balance Constraints
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: The quark confinement problem has remained a core open puzzle in particle physics for sixty years. Based on the ontological principle of matter and the rule of microscopic proportional balance constraints, this paper constructs a system of mathematical equations free of ad-hoc assumptions and fitting parameters, achieving a self-consistent derivation of the mechanism of quark confinement. The theory was fully finalized in May 2026, pre-released on academic platforms and submitted to international journals. Its core innovative conclusion states that the underlying nature of the strong interaction is not gluon-mediated color binding as defined by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), but a self-restricting mechanism arising from imbalance and rebalancing within microscopic material systems. On August 7, 2026, the BES-III Collaboration released new experimental results on glueballs at the International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP) in Brazil. The experiment interprets glueballs as transient energy condensates formed under high-energy perturbation. Such features depart from the gluon paradigm established over nearly fifty years. Existing mainstream theories struggle to explain the underlying physical mechanism, yet the observations are highly consistent with the proportional balance constraint theory formulated and published in advance in this work. This paper retains the complete axiomatic system, mathematical derivations and steady-state quark confinement mechanism from the original manuscript, and further validates the framework against the latest high-energy glueball experimental data. The study confirms that both low-energy steady-state quark confinement and high-energy transient glueball condensation obey the unified rule of microscopic proportional balance. This research remedies the long-standing lack of underlying mechanism in the Standard Model, and provides core theoretical support for constructing a new generation of fundamental particle physics frameworks and designing follow-up refined experimental studies. It carries long-term value for disciplinary innovation in fundamental physics.
Author: Liu, Bo
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225463834