SAE Theory of the Company · Paper 5: Society / SAE 公司论 第五篇: 社会
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: This paper asks what a company owes those whom its acts reach and who have no way to avoid them by exiting. In January 2017, Volkswagen agreed to plead guilty to three felony counts, with criminal and civil penalties totaling 4.3 billion dollars: its software could recognize whether a car was on a test stand, so that emissions met the standards in testing, while on ordinary roads nitrogen oxides reached up to forty times the U.S. standard. Those who breathed these nitrogen oxides included people outside the relations of investor, employee, user and partner. Society is not a subject; the society this paper speaks of is the people the company's acts reach, identified item by item: those who have no way to avoid a given act by exiting are internal subjects with respect to that act. The baseline has four parts: the harms and disposal costs that the acts concerned cause are not pushed onto those who cannot exit; the company does not deceive those who review it, and those who review it do not depend on it; it is subject to checks at chokepoints, and the sole position of supply at the life-substrate holds, besides, the accountability of supply; and the two gates: accumulation is not converted into domination over people's Base Layer, nor into control over questioning. Outside the gates, donations within the limits and lawful engagements are left open as usual. A company's main contribution to society lies in what it does; donations do not offset crossing the line (GS11). The EU's "polluter pays" principle and the on-road tests in type approval that the Commission pays for itself show the rule layer; CAL FIRE's determination of the cause of the Camp Fire, and Pacific Gas and Electric's acceptance of it and guilty plea, show the line on the side of the life-substrate; the water of Springhollow and the revolving door at the legislature, as constructed examples, take the life-substrate and the two gates all the way through; Merck's donation of a medicine it makes itself shows contribution lying in what is done. The paper has one proposition (GS11), stated at the end of §6 and listed again at the end. 这一篇问公司对它施为所及、又无从以退出避开的人欠什么。2017 年 1 月,大众汽车同意就三项重罪认罪,刑事与民事罚款合计 43 亿美元:它的软件能认出车是不是在测试台上,测试时排放达标,平常上路,氮氧化物最高可达美国标准的四十倍。吸进这些氮氧化物的,也包括出资人、员工、用户、伙伴这些关系之外的人。社会不是一个主体;这一篇说的社会,是公司施为所及的人,逐项认:就某一项施为无从以退出避开的人,对那一项是内部主体。底线有四样:相关施为造成的损害与处置成本,不推给无从退出的人;不欺瞒审它的人,审它的人不依赖它;在关口处受制衡,生命基底处唯一的供给位置另有供给的职责;两道闸,积累不兑换为对人的基础层的支配,也不兑换为对追问的控制。闸以外,上限之内的捐赠与合规的受聘照常放开。公司对社会主要的贡献,在它做的事本身;捐赠不抵越线(GS11)。欧盟的"污染者付费"、型式认证里由委员会自己出钱的上路测试,示范规则层;加州消防局对坎普山火起因的认定与太平洋煤气电力公司的接受与认罪,示范生命基底一侧的线;泉坳的水与议会的旋转门,用设例走完生命基底与两道闸;默沙东捐出它自己做的药,示范贡献在做的事本身。全篇一条(GS11),写在第六节末,篇末合列。 Related works(9) Relation Identifier Scheme Resource type Title References 10.5281/zenodo.23269635 DOI Publication / Preprint To Whom the Ought Is Addressed (SAE Institution Theory, Paper 1) References 10.5281/zenodo.23270384 DOI Publication / Preprint Not Crossing the Line (SAE Institution Theory, Paper 2) References 10.5281/zenodo.23413511 DOI Publication / Preprint Questioning and Bearing (SAE Theory of Government, Paper 6) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874140 DOI Publication / Preprint Chokepoints (SAE Political Economy, Paper 2) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874146 DOI Publication / Preprint Conversion (SAE Political Economy, Paper 4) References 10.5281/zenodo.24021385 DOI Publication / Preprint A Way Out, a Way Forward (SAE Political Economy, Specialist Paper) References 10.5281/zenodo.24045716 DOI Publication / Preprint What a Company Is Not (SAE Theory of the Company, Prequel) References 10.5281/zenodo.24045721 DOI Publication / Preprint Investment (SAE Theory of the Company, Paper 1) References 10.5281/zenodo.24045731 DOI Publication / Preprint Service (SAE Theory of the Company, Paper 3)
Author: Qin, Han
Language: English
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225577838