Anticipated-Response Shaping of Conduct: How an Expected Reaction Changes Conduct Before Any Reaction Occurs
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This conceptual paper introduces Anticipated-Response Shaping of Conduct, the mechanism by which an expected reaction changes an actor’s conduct before any reaction occurs. Those receiving the altered conduct may then infer motives without accounting for the response the actor anticipated. The account treats both the change in conduct and its interpretation as empirical questions. Expectations may be accurate, and responding to them may be reasonable. Its assessment standard asks whether explanations of conduct consider anticipated reactions alongside stated reasons and apparent purposes. The paper extends Carl Friedrich’s rule of anticipated reactions and discusses a survey of defensive medicine among Pennsylvania specialists. Physicians reported changing their practice because of the threat of liability. The study supports the conduct-shaping component through self-reported behavior and motives; it did not measure what patients inferred from the altered conduct. Part of the Relational Conditions and Dynamics series within On Human Modeling, the paper offers questions for identifying whose reaction was anticipated, what would have been done without that expectation, and who bore the consequences. These questions can inform human–AI research on how people adjust their conduct before an expected system response and how others interpret that conduct.
Author: Cary, Alexandra
Language: English
Subfield: General Decision Sciences
Field: Decision Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225613682
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