Gender Variations in Alveolar Process Dimensions and Maxillary Anterior Tooth Inclination: A CBCT‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: ABSTRACT Objectives Due to the unique anatomy of the maxillary anterior esthetic zone, placing an implant immediately post‐tooth extraction can be challenging. The success of immediate implant placement largely relies on the shape of the alveolar bone and the angle of the extracted tooth. This cross‐sectional study is designed to evaluate the dimensions of the alveolar bone in the maxillary anterior region using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods and Material Maxillary anterior region scans from 60 individuals (30 males, 30 females) were assessed using CBCT. Statistical analysis accounted for the clustering of teeth within individual participants. They were subjected to CBCT scans, examined for alveolar process thickness (APT), facial bone thickness (FBT), facial bone thickness at the apex (FBTA) in mm and Tooth inclination in degrees in the maxillary anterior teeth including central incisors (CI), lateral incisors (LI) and canines. Results The mean values for APT and FBTA for all teeth groups were found to be greater in males, while there was no gender difference between the FBT values. FBTA values were significantly greater for CI and LI in males. A strong inverse relationship was observed in males for tooth inclination with FBTA for all teeth, while in females, it was observed only for tooth inclination with FBTA for CI ( p ˂ 0.05). Conclusions This study demonstrates distinct gender and tooth‐specific variations in APT, FBTA, and tooth inclination across the maxillary anterior region. Among all evaluated parameters, FBTA was identified as the sole alveolar bone feature independently associated with tooth inclination after adjusting for covariates and within‐subject clustering. Consequently, these findings offer vital anatomical and radiographic insights to aid treatment planning and enhance clinical outcomes in anterior maxillary procedures. Trial Registration: CTRI number: CTRI/2022/06/055457; Registered with Clinical Trial Registry India on 04/07/2022.
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.70508
Institution: Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Language: English
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,440
OpenAlex ID: W7225616866