从假设检验到矛盾求解:西方科学发现与工程 发明方法论的系统演进与边界审视 From Hypothesis Testing to Contradiction Resolution: The Systematic Evolution and Boundary Examination of Western Methodologies in Scientific Discovery and Engineering Invention
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: 本文系统梳理了西方在科学发现与工程发明领域的核心方法论,将其划分 为两大脉络:一是以伽利略“受控实验”和波普尔“证伪主义”为核心的科学 发现方法论,强调“观察-假设-实验-淘汰”的闭环逻辑,其基石在于判决性实 验带来的可证伪性;二是以 TRIZ(发明问题解决理论)和“设计思维”为核心 的工程发明方法论,侧重于技术矛盾的消解与以人为中心的迭代原型。研究指 出,西方方法论的优势在于其严密的执行框架和外部验证机制,但在面临超高 能标物理(如统一场论)或复杂巨系统时,因“判决性实验的缺席”和“还原 论的极限”,正陷入范式僵局。本文旨在客观界定西方“战术工具箱”的适用 边界,为引入更高维度的战略指导框架奠定理论基础。 Abstract This paper systematically reviews the core methodologies in the Western fields of scientific discovery and engineering invention, and divides them into two main threads: first, the methodology of scientific discovery centered on Galileo's “controlled experiment” and Popper's “falsificationism”, which emphasizes the closed-loop logic of “observation-hypothesis-experiment-elimination” and rests on the falsifiability provided by decisive experiments; second, the methodology of engineering invention centered on TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) and “Design Thinking”, which focuses on the resolution of technical contradictions and people-centered iteration and prototyping. The study points out that the strength of Western methodologies lies in their rigorous execution framework and external verification mechanism; however, when confronted with ultra-high-energy-scale physics (such as a unified field theory) or complex giant systems, they fall into a paradigm deadlock owing to “the absence of decisive experiments” and “the limits of reductionism”. This paper aims to objectively define the applicable boundaries of the Western “toolbox” and to lay a theoretical foundation for introducing a higher-dimensional strategic guiding framework .
Author: Sun, Hechun
Language: English
Subfield: Mechanical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225648874
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