Ambulatory Blood Pressure Profiles in Hypertensive Inpatients with and Without Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) characterizes blood pressure patterns in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This retrospective cross-sectional study compared ABPM profiles and laboratory results in 403 hypertensive inpatients, including 149 with and 254 without recorded CKD. Separate ABPM outcome models adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes. Recorded CKD was associated with higher mean 24-h systolic pressure (adjusted difference, 12.48 mmHg; 95% CI, 7.98–16.98), pulse pressure (8.04 mmHg; 95% CI, 5.16–10.91), and diastolic pressure (4.45 mmHg; 95% CI, 1.73–7.17). The ambulatory arterial stiffness index remained higher after additional adjustment for nocturnal decline (difference, 0.042; 95% CI, 0.013–0.071). Neither systolic nor diastolic decline < 10% showed a clear adjusted association with recorded CKD. In secondary models including haemoglobin, neither erythrocyte sedimentation rate nor fibrinogen showed a clear association. Numerical urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, available for 234 patients, correlated with mean systolic pressure (ρ = 0.289; q < 0.001). These findings describe associations within an inpatient sample. Unverified CKD chronicity, unavailable recording-quality and treatment data, and missing urine results limit interpretation; urine analyses remain exploratory because they were unadjusted and predominantly involved recorded zero ratios.
Source: Applied Sciences
DOI: 10.3390/app162111074
Language: English
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,896
OpenAlex ID: W7225653692