Spontaneous splenic rupture secondary to Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a case report
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Case Report
Abstract: Introduction and importance: Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare, potentially life-threatening complication of Plasmodium infection. It occurs more commonly in Plasmodium vivax malaria and rarely in Plasmodium falciparum infection. Case presentation: We report the case of a 37-year-old male who presented with a history of alternate-day fever associated with headache and was found to have pancytopenia on laboratory evaluation. He was diagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Despite antimalarial therapy, the patient had splenomegaly with splenic rupture leading to hemoperitoneum on imaging. Due to hemodynamic stability, he was managed conservatively with scrupulous monitoring, platelet transfusion, and antimalarial therapy. Clinical discussion: Malaria remains a major infectious disease in tropical and subtropical regions, with Plasmodium falciparum causing a substantial burden of severe disease. Travelers remain at risk despite effective chemoprophylaxis, particularly with incomplete adherence or early discontinuation. Conclusion: Splenic rupture is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of malaria and may occur even after initiation of antimalarial therapy. Consequently, timely diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to improve patient outcomes.
Institution: Nepalese Army Institute of Health Services
Language: English
Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,090
OpenAlex ID: W7225692156