Reciprocal Withholding and Self-Confirming Silence: How Two People Waiting Can Each Take the Other's Silence as an Answer
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This conceptual paper introduces Reciprocal Withholding and Self-Confirming Silence, a mechanism in which each person interprets the other’s silence as disinterest and withholds contact. Each response produces the absence of contact that the other treats as further evidence, allowing mutual waiting to generate apparent confirmation. The paper distinguishes another person’s interest from behavior produced by a shared waiting rule. Identifying the loop requires evidence of both interpretations, both response rules, and their reciprocal connection. Silence alone does not establish concealed interest or reciprocal withholding, and the costs of initiating need not be equal. The discussion connects the mechanism to Vorauer and Ratner’s research on first moves and pluralistic ignorance. The renewal of correspondence between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson in 1812 provides a related historical illustration. The record documents hesitation and a changed belief following a report from a third person, but it does not establish that both men inferred disinterest from silence and withheld contact on that basis. Part of the Interpretation and Feedback series within On Human Modeling, the paper offers questions for assessing evidence generated by mutual waiting. Its framework can inform human–AI research on whether interaction rules help produce user silence that systems then treat as evidence of disengagement.
Author: Cary, Alexandra
Language: English
Subfield: Language and Linguistics
Field: Arts and Humanities
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225754422
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