Atoms as oscillating multipoles? Ground-state constraints and a finite-array benchmark for loading, storage and readout
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: A classical orbiting point charge radiates; stable atoms do not. A stationary quantum ground state has no oscillating mean multipole and no downward radiative channel, while allowing static moments and quantum fluctuations. Prepared collective excitations and thermal sources require a different description: their emission is governed by correlations, which can be nonzero even when every mean dipole vanishes. We distinguish these cases, review measured multipolar and collective responses, and test boundary-controlled radiation with two reproducible models. Prescribed-source arrays isolate profile and phase effects; a self-consistent narrow-band dipole model adds eigenmodes, boundary detuning and a closed radiative/absorptive ledger. Finite-aperture loading and complete input-to-output controls test access to dark modes; a specified beam and finite standing-wave controls achieve 9.41% input-to-collected-output probability per photon at ideal positions in one 8 × 8 model. Frozen disorder limits its retention and readout; geometry-aware reading partly repairs it. Fresh paired ensembles quantify input redesign, calibration convergence and finite-size disorder tolerance. The effects have substantial prior art; the contribution is a controlled comparison and experimental protocol, not a perpetually radiating ground state or a new microscopic orbit theory.
Author: Duda, Jarosław
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225769755
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