Spin Density and Torsion Energy in Superfluid Helium-3 Compared with Condensation Energy
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This paper examines whether spin-torsion energy in fully polarised superfluid helium-3 could compete with the condensation energy that stabilises the superfluid phases. The system considered is liquid helium-3 at a number density near 1.6 x 10^28 per cubic metre, and the observable is torsion energy density set against condensation energy density. Evaluating the ordinary behaviour of the system and the spin-torsion contribution under explicit assumptions about polarisation and uniformity, and inverting the comparison at the stated laboratory precision, gives a quantitative bound rather than a qualitative assertion of smallness. The computed record is: number_density_per_m3 = 1.620e+28; torsion_energy_density_J_m3 = 3.251e-39; condensation_energy_density_J_m3 = 58.15; ratio_torsion_to_condensation = 5.591e-41; Tc_K = 0.0026. The torsion-related contribution is far below the level that would alter the ordinary behaviour of the system at current precision, and the value that would have produced a visible residual is stated so that future improvements can be assessed against it directly. No new measurement is reported. This study is simulated and computed from stated assumptions, not measured.
Author: Aldred, William Alexander
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225772808
FWCI:
Cites:
Cited by:
Related to: