A Simple Low-Cost Paper-Based Analytical Device For Detecting Water Hardness
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: High water hardness can cause damage to piping systems and negatively impact health. This study aimed to develop a simple, low-cost, and user-friendly paper-based analytical device to detect water hardness levels in the field. The device was developed using a complexation reaction principle with specific reagents, namely a pH 10 buffer solution and Eriochrome Black T (EBT) indicator, immobilized on Whatman filter paper. The test results demonstrated that the test strip can optimally detect water hardness within a concentration range of 50 ppm to 350 ppm. The device also exhibited good sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability. In conclusion, this test strip offers a practical, rapid, and portable analytical alternative without the need for complex instruments or special skills, making it highly applicable for on-site water quality monitoring.
Source: Acta Chimica Asiana
Authors: Edy Agustian Yazid, Abdul Wafi
Language: English
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7225778002
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