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Surrounding Rock Response and Support Optimization of a TBM-Excavated Roadway in Composite Strata: A Case Study

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Continuous TBM advance in coal-mine roadways is commonly accompanied by a spatial lag between excavation and support installation, which may aggravate nonuniform mechanical responses in layered formations. This study investigates the 12150 auxiliary ventilation roadway in composite strata. A three-dimensional FLAC3D model was developed using the site stratigraphy and laboratory-derived intact-rock properties. Stepwise excavation and an approximately 10 m excavation–support lag were incorporated, and three bolt–cable configurations were compared. The numerical results show that reducing support extent increases stress concentration and deformation. From Case 1 to Case 3, the maximum horizontal stress in the roof increases from 18.15 to 20.52 MPa, while the maximum vertical stress in the sidewalls rises from 20.55 to 26.12 MPa. Roof subsidence increases from 75 to 90 mm, floor heave from 25 to 32 mm, and maximum plastic-zone extent from 2.0 to 2.6 m. Compared with Case 1, Case 2 reduces the total reinforcement length per row by 27.3%, while the predicted increases in roof subsidence, floor heave, and plastic-zone extent remain relatively limited. Field monitoring of Case 2 was conducted at five sections with 20 measurement points over 90 days. The additional roof subsidence, sidewall convergence, and floor heave were approximately 12, 8, and 6 mm, respectively, and deformation tended to stabilize after about 30 days. These observations characterize post-support behavior rather than the full excavation-induced displacement. The findings provide a case-specific reference for selecting support configurations in TBM-driven roadways under comparable geological and construction conditions.
DOI: 10.3390/app162211171
Language: English
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,896
OpenAlex ID: W7225778951
FWCI:
Cites: 30
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