Adiabatic Order and the Ambiguity of the Particle Concept at the Bounce Point
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: On a cosmological bounce background with a single minimum of the scale factor and unit duration, in units set by that duration, the quantities reported here are obtained by direct numerical evolution of the field modes from the contracting branch to the expanding branch. At wavenumber 2 the zeroth-order definition assigns the mode an instantaneous occupation of 5.583e-04 at the bounce point, while the second-order definition assigns 6.243e-04; the spread between them is part of the pattern whose largest value across the three wavenumbers is 3.082e-02. The second-derivative adiabaticity measure at the bounce point for wavenumber 2 is 0.083, and even the shortest mode examined shows a spread of 1.325e-05 between orders. The calculation is performed on a stated model background with stated vacuum conventions, and the code and full-precision output are deposited with the paper. This study is simulated and computed from those assumptions; it is not a measurement.
Author: Aldred, William Alexander
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225783667
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