Entropy Produced by Particle Creation During a Single Bounce
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: The created entropy is a small fraction of the radiation entropy already present. Particle creation at the bounce is therefore a perturbation of the entropy budget, not its source. A bounce that needed creation to explain the observed entropy would fall short by orders of magnitude, and that shortfall is a quantitative result rather than a preference among models. The computation is performed from stated assumptions in a density-limited bounce, in which the neutron-branch limit density sets a maximum density, a finite bounce temperature, and a minimum horizon size. Headline values from the deposited calculation are: T_bounce_K = 3.28e+22; t_bounce_s = 4.29e-25; n_created_per_m3 = 2.93e+73; V_bounce_m3 = 2.05e+14; N_created = 6.02e+87; S_created_kB = 2.17e+88; fraction_of_present_photon_entropy = 0.0866. The study is simulated and computed, not measured, and its conclusions are stated at the precision the stated assumptions support.
Author: Aldred, William Alexander
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225788214
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