The association between dietary amino acids’ patterns, cardio-metabolic parameters, and serum cardiac troponin I levels among physically active young individuals
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Studies that previously looked at the impacts of amino acids are now focusing on the effects of dietary amino acid patterns on people’s health. Since there is little information available about the connection between serum cardiac troponin I (CTNI) levels, cardiovascular and metabolic parameters, and dietary amino acid patterns, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in this study to examine the associations between these variables in young, active people. This cross-sectional study included 220 physically active young adults aged 18–35 years. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was employed to measure dietary consumption. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) established standardized sizes, which were used to calculate the portion sizes of the items consumed. The subjects’ biochemical, anthropometric, and demographic characteristics were assessed. Dietary amino acid patterns and other variables were analyzed using generalized linear models (GLM) with the first tertile of each pattern as the reference category. Unstandardized beta coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Three multivariable adjusted models were constructed: Model I (crude), Model II (adjusted for age and sex), and Model III (further adjusted for energy intake, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity). Linear trends across tertiles were assessed using P-trend analysis. PCA with varimax rotation and a correlation matrix was used to obtain dietary amino acid patterns based on amino acid intake (grams per day). Principal component analysis of 18 dietary amino acids identified two distinct patterns explaining 97.4% of the total variance. Pattern 1 was characterized by essential amino acids, including branched-chain (leucine, isoleucine, valine), aromatic (tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine), and sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine, cysteine), alongside histidine, threonine, and lysine; in the fully adjusted model (Model III), the highest tertile of Pattern 1 was positively associated with HDL levels (β = 5.95, P < 0.01, P-trend = 0.01). Pattern 2 was characterized by non-essential amino acids, including glycine, alanine, serine, arginine, proline, and acidic amino acids (glutamic and aspartic acids); in Model III, the highest tertile of Pattern 2 was significantly associated with higher FBS (β = 3.41, P = 0.02, P-trend ≤ 0.05) alongside lower total cholesterol (β=-30.28, P = 0.01), LDL (β=-23.37, P = 0.03), and triglycerides (β=-18.59, P = 0.04). Our findings indicate that the second pattern, characterized by higher loads of glycine, alanine, acidic amino acids (glutamic acid and aspartic acid), serine, arginine, and proline was associated with lower levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in fully adjusted models, which may be associated with a more favorable cardiovascular risk profile. Additionally, the first amino acid pattern was positively associated with HDL levels. These findings suggest that dietary amino acid patterns may be associated with differences in lipid profiles among young active adults. IR.TBZMED.REC.1402.207.
Language: English
Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,890
OpenAlex ID: W7225791736
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