Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Herbal pain-relieving balms are semisolid topical preparations designed to provide localized relief from mild pain and discomfort. Their action is generally associated with ingredients that produce cooling or warming sensations after application to the skin, thereby influencing the perception of pain. Menthol and camphor are commonly used as counter-irritant agents, while rosemary oil may contribute herbal properties to the formulation. Beeswax provides consistency and structural support, whereas castor oil acts as an oily vehicle and emollient. This review discusses the formulation principles of herbal pain-relieving balms, the functions of selected ingredients, general methods of preparation, and commonly used evaluation parameters. It also highlights the importance of selecting suitable ingredients and assessing the physical properties, stability, and skin compatibility of the prepared balm. The information presented may provide a basic framework for the formulation and evaluation of herbal pain-relieving balms
Language: English
Subfield: Pharmaceutical Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7225810598