Associations of dietary inflammatory index with incident cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective study of data from the UK Biobank
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Background While the dietary inflammatory index (DII) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in the general population, its role in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains understudied. Given the elevated inflammatory burden in this high-risk group, we aimed to examine the association between energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) and incident cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality using a prospective cohort from the UK Biobank. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study using UK Biobank data, including 18,193 individuals with prediabetes and 6,469 with T2D, all free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. The E-DII was derived from 24-hour dietary recall data, incident CVD and all-cause mortality were ascertained through linked hospital and death records. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with a median duration of 12.2 years (IQR: 11.5–13.0). Results Among participants with T2D, an energy-adjusted DII > 1 (vs. ≥−1 to ≤1) was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.00–1.53) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01–1.84). The association with cardiovascular mortality was not statistically significant (HR 1.50, 95% CI 0.76–2.94). No significant associations were observed among participants with prediabetes. Conclusions A more pro-inflammatory dietary pattern, as measured by the E-DII, is independently associated with increased risks of incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in individuals with T2D. These findings support the integration of DII into nutritional risk assessment for diabetic populations and highlight the potential of dietary modification to improve long-term outcomes.
Source: PLoS ONE
Language: English
Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,382
OpenAlex ID: W7225819405