Multiple Goldstone Relics: How Many Early-Decoupled Bosons the Observed Radiation Budget Allows
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: A boson decoupling at the top of the ladder contributes 2.68e-02 and up to 11.2 such bosons fit under the ceiling. At 1 GeV the single contribution rises to 5.55e-02, and at 5 MeV it reaches 5.71e-01, where the ceiling admits only 0.53 of a boson, meaning a single MeV-decoupled Goldstone already overshoots the adopted bound by itself. The contrast between the first and last rows, a factor of more than twenty in the permitted count, is the whole content of the dilution mechanism stated numerically. The ceiling temperature implied by the bound density of 9.72e+54 g per cubic centimetre sits above all five epochs. This study is computed from stated assumptions and published comparison values; it is not a measurement.
Author: Aldred, William Alexander
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7225832491
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