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Elevation-aware Battery Swapping Station Location Selection for Electric Motorcycles on a Mountainous Intercity Corridor: Integrating Energy Simulation and Analytical Hierarchy Process: Battery Swapping Station Location Selection

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Selecting locations for Battery Swapping Stations (BSS) along intercity corridors with mountainous topography requires careful consideration of vehicle energy requirements and site feasibility. This study integrates an elevation-based energy consumption simulation with the Group Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine priority locations for BSS along the 154.37 km Makassar–Bone corridor in South Sulawesi. Google Earth was utilized to examine the route's elevation profile and identify potential site coordinates. Energy consumption and State of Charge (SoC) simulations were conducted for six electric motorcycle models, accounting for battery characteristics, vehicle mass, drivetrain efficiency, and regenerative braking. Five critical energy-related points were identified as technical inputs for site selection. Subsequently, three candidate locations were evaluated based on four criteria, using pairwise comparisons from three experts, which were then aggregated via the geometric mean. The results indicate that transportation and demographic criteria carry the highest weight (43.1%), followed by technical requirements related to elevation and batteries (29.6%), environmental factors and solar energy potential (15.8%), and infrastructure and economic considerations (11.5%). A Consistency Ratio (CR) of 0.008 confirms an adequate level of consistency in the evaluations. The location at Kappang/Lapri (kilometer 120) received the highest score (0.809), followed by kilometer 45 (0.793) and kilometer 88 (0.765). These findings provide an initial prioritization for the placement of BSS along the Makassar–Bone corridor
Language: English
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7225840791
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