Brain Imaging and Neurodevelopment in HIV-uninfected Thai Children Born to HIV-infected Mothers
Year: 2015
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Perinatal use of combination antiretroviral therapy dramatically reduces vertical (mother-to-child) transmission of HIV but has led to a growing population of children with perinatal HIV-exposure but uninfected (HEU). HIV can cause neurological injury among children born with infection, but the neuroanatomical and developmental effects in HEU children are poorly understood. METHODS: We used structural magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor imaging to compare brain anatomy between 30 HEU and 33 age-matched HIV-unexposed and uninfected (HUU) children from Thailand. Maps of brain volume and microstructural anatomy were compared across groups; associations were tested between neuroimaging measures and concurrent neuropsychological test performance. RESULTS: Mean (standard deviation) age of children was 10.3 (2.8) years, and 58% were male. All were enrolled in school and lived with family members. Intelligence quotient (IQ) did not differ between groups. Caretaker education levels did not differ, but income was higher for HUU (P < 0.001). We did not detect group differences in brain volume or diffusion tensor imaging metrics, after controlling for sociodemographic factors. The mean (95% confidence interval) fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum was 0.375 (0.368-0.381) in HEU compared with 0.370 (0.364-0.375) in HUU. Higher fractional anisotropy and lower mean diffusivity were each associated with higher IQ scores in analyses with both groups combined. CONCLUSIONS: No differences in neuroanatomical or brain integrity measures were detectable in HEU children compared with age-matched and sex-matched controls (HUU children). Expected associations between brain integrity measures and IQ scores were identified suggesting sufficient power to detect subtle associations that were present.
Authors: Neda Jahanshad, Marie-Claude Couture, Wasana Prasitsuebsai, Talia M. Nir, Linda Aurpibul, Paul M. Thompson, Kanchana Pruksakaew, Sukalaya Lerdlum, Pannee Visrutaratna, Stephanie Catella, Akash Desai, Stephen J. Kerr, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Robert Paul, Jintanat Ananworanich, Victor G. Valcour
Institutions: University of Southern California, Chulalongkorn University, University of California, San Francisco, Chiang Mai University, University of San Francisco, University of Missouri, Thai Red Cross Society, University of Missouri–St. Louis, HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Henry M. Jackson Foundation
Language: English
Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: Genetic influences on the brain: A twin imaging study, HARDI Mapping of Disease Effects on the Brain, Alzheimer's disease risk analyzed using population imaging genomics, Empowering Personalized Medicine: Integrating Imaging, Genetics, and Biomarkers, A Multidimensional Alzheimer's Disease Brain Atlas, Computational Modeling of High-Field MR Images, G561273952, ENIGMA Center for Worldwide Medicine, Imaging & Genomics, G690007806, G7504492366, Predicting Brain Changes in HIV/AIDS, Neurodevelopment and Imaging among HIV-infected Children from the PREDICT study
OpenAlex ID: W766234369