Blood flow modulation of vascular dynamics
Year: 2015
Type: review
Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Blood flow is intimately linked with cardiovascular development, repair and dysfunction. The current review will build on the fluid mechanical principle underlying haemodynamic shear forces, mechanotransduction and metabolic effects. RECENT FINDINGS: Pulsatile flow produces both time (∂τ/∂t) and spatial-varying shear stress (∂τ/∂x) to modulate vascular oxidative stress and inflammatory response with pathophysiological significance to atherosclerosis. The characteristics of haemodynamic shear forces, namely, steady laminar (∂τ/∂t = 0), pulsatile shear stress (PSS: unidirectional forward flow) and oscillatory shear stress (bidirectional with a near net 0 forward flow), modulate mechano-signal transduction to influence metabolic effects on vascular endothelial function. Atheroprotective PSS promotes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic responses, whereas atherogenic oscillatory shear stress induces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-JNK signalling to increase mitochondrial superoxide production, protein degradation of manganese superoxide dismutase and post-translational protein modifications of LDL particles in the disturbed flow-exposed regions of vasculature. In the era of tissue regeneration, shear stress has been implicated in reactivation of developmental genes, namely, Wnt and Notch signalling, for vascular development and repair. SUMMARY: Blood flow imparts a dynamic continuum from vascular development to repair. Augmentation of PSS confers atheroprotection and reactivation of developmental signalling pathways for regeneration.
Source: Current Opinion in Lipidology
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: OXIDATIVE AND ATHEROGENIC ACTION OF IN VIVO MODIFIED LDL, G2920770339, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Assess Metabolically Active Plaque, G5229803197, Shear Stress and Mechnaically Unstable Plaque, Cardiovascular Scientist Training Program, Linking Spatial Variations in Shear Stress with Oxidation Stress, G7465466817, Integrating time-dependent 3-D Optical Techniques with Hemodynamics to Elucidate Cardiac Trabeculation, Shear stress and light-field to elucidate the initiation of cardiac outflow tract, Micro-Sensors to Study Electrical and Mechanical Coupling of Injured Myocardium, G9000272933
OpenAlex ID: W937668680