New Methods and New Types of Functionalised Nanocomposites Intended for the Ecological Depollution of Waters
Year: 2011
Type: book-chapter
Abstract: Nanomaterials 118changes on the structural and functional properties of the biodiversity and the environment.Membrane nanostructured materials and functionalized composites have pronounced limiting effects over the dispersion effects of secondary degradation pollutants by their retention, encapsulation and separation.As a consequence of the major social and economic implications (environmental protection, natural resource conservation, medicine, nanomedicine), organic depollution has imposed itself as a priority research field, as a source which generates solutions and implementable technologies.This chapter presents the experimental results acquired as a result of the obtaining and testing of new biodegradable functionalized composite materials, intended for the removal of a wide range of organic pollutants.The composites we obtained were tested on four categories of polluted water, coming from milk processing industry, medicine industry, the obtaining and processing of polymers and from the sewage waters in the city of Bucharest. Functionality relations between environmental elements and pollutantsThe environment can be defined as the manifestation of dependence and functionality relations established between physicochemical and biological structures characteristics of soil, water and air, as its fundamental structural macroentities (Tolgyessy, 1993).Overall, the environment represents a complex and dynamic structure, on the evolutionary process, due to the way and type of interaction established between its structural elements, and material and energy mediation vectors (Fig. 1).Ecosystems represent manifestations of the local distribution manner of basic structural entities of the environment.Ecosystems represent organized systems, well defined in relation to their physical, chemical and biological structure of their structural elements, among which are established structural and functional relations of their own (Socolow et al., 1994).Each set of functions is characteristic for a particular ecosystem, reflecting its biochemical structure, mediation and transport vectors, the dynamics of internal evolution, as well as the rate, role and functions of each structural component.Any changes to global environmental factors or local macrostructural distribution of an ecosystem may irreversibly affect the structural and functional evolution.From this perspective, ecosystems can be defined as stable phases of local equilibrium, established between the biochemical structure, compositional structure and functional structure of their macro-and microcomponents.Transport and mediation vectors (TMV) influence local and global dynamics of transformation and transport, established between the local structural components of the environment and its ecosystems.The main TMV, which form the evolution and transformation of the environment and of its ecosystems are air, water and climatic factors.The distribution and local physical and chemical characteristics of TMV model the distribution and evolution of biodiversity models, as well as the distribution and evolution of the elements which form the composition of the soil, water, rocks, sediments and minerals.The modelling process leads to the establishment of relationships and dynamic biochemical balances, always subject to the evolutionary processes of transformation and structural and functional remodelling.The development and the establishment of equilibrium states within and between the local structures of the environment, reflect on going relationship of mass and energy transfer established at the level of microstructured elements, with TMV as mediating factor.The morphochemical and morphofunctional structuring manner of the soil influence pollutant absorption, modelling and conditioning applicative technologies and depollution resources (Reddy, 2010;Lal & Shukla, 2005).
Source: InTech eBooks
DOI: 10.5772/34078
Language: English
Subfield: Water Science and Technology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W1499150656