The Genetic Basis of HIV-1 Resistance to Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Inhibitors.
Year: 2000
Type: article
Abstract: HIV-1 drug resistance is caused by mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease enzymes, the molecular targets of antiretroviral therapy. At the beginning of the year 2000, two expert panels recommended that HIV-1 RT and protease susceptibility testing be used to help select antiretroviral drugs for HIV-1-infected patients. Genotypic assays have been developed to detect HIV-1 mutations known to confer antiretroviral drug resistance. Genotypic assays using dideoxynucleoside sequencing provide extensive insight into the presence of drug-resistant variants in the population of viruses within an individual. However, the interpretation of these assays in clinical settings is formidable because of the large numbers of drug resistance mutations and because these mutations interact with one another and emerge in complex patterns. In addition, cross-resistance between antiretroviral drugs is greater than that anticipated from initial in vitro studies. This review summarises the published data linking HIV-1 RT and protease mutations to in vitro and clinical resistance to the currently available nucleoside RT inhibitors, non-nucleoside RT inhibitors, and protease inhibitors.
Source: PubMed
Institution: Stanford University
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W192016177