Prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Children and Adolescents From 2001 to 2009
Year: 2014
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: IMPORTANCE: Despite concern about an "epidemic," there are limited data on trends in prevalence of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes across US race and ethnic groups. OBJECTIVE: To estimate changes in the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in US youth, by sex, age, and race/ethnicity between 2001 and 2009. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Case patients were ascertained in 4 geographic areas and 1 managed health care plan. The study population was determined by the 2001 and 2009 bridged-race intercensal population estimates for geographic sites and membership counts for the health plan. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Prevalence (per 1000) of physician-diagnosed type 1 diabetes in youth aged 0 through 19 years and type 2 diabetes in youth aged 10 through 19 years. RESULTS: In 2001, 4958 of 3.3 million youth were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for a prevalence of 1.48 per 1000 (95% CI, 1.44-1.52). In 2009, 6666 of 3.4 million youth were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for a prevalence of 1.93 per 1000 (95% CI, 1.88-1.97). In 2009, the highest prevalence of type 1 diabetes was 2.55 per 1000 among white youth (95% CI, 2.48-2.62) and the lowest was 0.35 per 1000 in American Indian youth (95% CI, 0.26-0.47) and type 1 diabetes increased between 2001 and 2009 in all sex, age, and race/ethnic subgroups except for those with the lowest prevalence (age 0-4 years and American Indians). Adjusted for completeness of ascertainment, there was a 21.1% (95% CI, 15.6%-27.0%) increase in type 1 diabetes over 8 years. In 2001, 588 of 1.7 million youth were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for a prevalence of 0.34 per 1000 (95% CI, 0.31-0.37). In 2009, 819 of 1.8 million were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for a prevalence of 0.46 per 1000 (95% CI, 0.43-0.49). In 2009, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 1.20 per 1000 among American Indian youth (95% CI, 0.96-1.51); 1.06 per 1000 among black youth (95% CI, 0.93-1.22); 0.79 per 1000 among Hispanic youth (95% CI, 0.70-0.88); and 0.17 per 1000 among white youth (95% CI, 0.15-0.20). Significant increases occurred between 2001 and 2009 in both sexes, all age-groups, and in white, Hispanic, and black youth, with no significant changes for Asian Pacific Islanders and American Indians. Adjusted for completeness of ascertainment, there was a 30.5% (95% CI, 17.3%-45.1%) overall increase in type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Between 2001 and 2009 in 5 areas of the United States, the prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents increased. Further studies are required to determine the causes of these increases.
Source: JAMA
Institutions: Colorado School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of South Carolina, Kaiser Permanente, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Washington
Language: English
Subfield: Genetics
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical University of South Carolina, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Washington, University of South Carolina, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Greenville Health System, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Wake Forest School of Medicine, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Center for Research Resources, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Awards: G1061576540, G1092462818, G1260873166, G1333125303, G1389856746, G142556933, G1643264655, G188987342, Colorado Clinical and Translational Science Institute (UL1), Molecular signatures of diabetic kidney disease, G2027946723, G2091809135, G215709867, G22646245, G2320993242, G248045910, G249568976, G2698360221, G2962638713, G3146357332, G3437629819, G3604266410, G3798223455, G486112768, G4976965329, G5105936691, G561931883, Identifying urinary biomarkers for early type 2 diabetic nephropathy, G6871217674, G8005556827, G8090112403, G822274331, G832786732, G854732306, G874743574, G891215646, G951231213
OpenAlex ID: W2154279165