Estimating the impact of universal antiretroviral therapy for HIV serodiscordant couples through home HIV testing: insights from mathematical models
Year: 2016
Type: article
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevents HIV transmission within HIV serodiscordant couples (SDCs), but slow implementation and low uptake has limited its impact on population-level HIV incidence. Home HIV testing and counselling (HTC) campaigns could increase ART uptake among SDCs by incorporating couples' testing and ART referral. We estimated the reduction in adult HIV incidence achieved by incorporating universal ART for SDCs into home HTC campaigns in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, and southwestern (SW) Uganda. METHODS: We constructed dynamic, stochastic, agent-based network models for each region. We compared adult HIV incidence after 10 years under three scenarios: (1) "Current Practice," (2) "Home HTC" with linkage to ART for eligible persons (CD4 <350) and (3) "ART for SDCs" regardless of CD4, delivered alongside home HTC. RESULTS: ART for SDCs reduced HIV incidence by 38% versus Home HTC: from 1.12 (95% CI: 0.98-1.26) to 0.68 (0.54-0.82) cases per 100 person-years (py) in KZN, and from 0.56 (0.50-0.62) to 0.35 (0.30-0.39) cases per 100 py in SW Uganda. A quarter of incident HIV infections were averted over 10 years, and the proportion of virally suppressed HIV-positive persons increased approximately 15%. CONCLUSIONS: Using home HTC to identify SDCs and deliver universal ART could avert substantially more new HIV infections than home HTC alone, with a smaller number needed to treat to prevent new HIV infections. Scale-up of home HTC will not diminish the effectiveness of targeting SDCs for treatment. Increasing rates of couples' testing, disclosure, and linkage to care is an efficient way to increase the impact of home HTC interventions on HIV incidence.
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,600
Funders: University of Washington, Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation, Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Awards: G4149154236, G6904400553, Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, HIV intervention models for criminal justice involved substance-using Black MSM, G7810591162, STD and AIDS Research Training Grant, Social Network Dynamics, HIV, and Risk Reduction Among Younger Black MSM, Gender-Based Violence and HIV Risk: Mediating Pathways and Prevention Strategies
OpenAlex ID: W2383022644