Year: 2017
Type: article
Abstract: Nicotine, the signature alkaloid of Nicotiana species responsible for the addictive properties of human tobacco smoking, functions as a defensive neurotoxin against attacking herbivores. However, the evolution of the genetic features that contributed to the assembly of the nicotine biosynthetic pathway remains unknown. We sequenced and assembled genomes of two wild tobaccos, Nicotiana attenuata (2.5 Gb) and N. obtusifolia (1.5 Gb), two ecological models for investigating adaptive traits in nature. We show that after the Solanaceae whole genome triplication event, a repertoire of rapidly expanding transposable elements (TEs) bloated these Nicotiana genomes, promoted expression divergences among duplicated genes and contributed to the evolution of herbivory-induced signaling and defenses, including nicotine biosynthesis. The biosynthetic machinery that allows for nicotine synthesis in the roots evolved from the stepwise duplications of two ancient primary metabolic pathways: the polyamine and nicotinic acid dinucleotide (NAD) pathways. While the duplication of the former is shared among several Solanaceous genera which produce polyamine-derived tropane alkaloids, the innovation and efficient production of nicotine in the genus Nicotiana required lineage-specific duplications within the NAD pathway and the evolution of root-specific expression of the duplicated Solanaceae-specific ethylene response factor (ERF) that activates the expression of all nicotine biosynthetic genes. Furthermore, TE insertions that incorporated transcription factor binding motifs also likely contributed to the coordinated metabolic flux of the nicotine biosynthetic pathway. Together, these results provide evidence that TEs and gene duplications facilitated the emergence of a key metabolic innovation relevant to plant fitness.
Institutions: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Heidelberg University, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Universität Greifswald, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, University of Arizona, BIO5 Institute, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
Awards: Structural, Functional, and Evolutionary Analysis of Long Non-coding RNAs in Control of Stress Response and the Epigenome in Diverse Plant Species, Ecological performance of arrhythmic plants in nature, Identifying genetic basis of ecologically important traits in Nicotiana attenuata (Solanaceae), G5109292535, Herbivore induced plant defences: the evolution and genetic basis of their specificity, Polyploidy and Plasticity in the Crop Brassicas
OpenAlex ID: W2617618200