Year: 2018
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether weight gain after smoking cessation attenuates the health benefits of quitting is unclear. METHODS: In three cohort studies involving men and women in the United States, we identified those who had reported quitting smoking and we prospectively assessed changes in smoking status and body weight. We estimated risks of type 2 diabetes, death from cardiovascular disease, and death from any cause among those who had reported quitting smoking, according to weight changes after smoking cessation. RESULTS: The risk of type 2 diabetes was higher among recent quitters (2 to 6 years since smoking cessation) than among current smokers (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 1.32). The risk peaked 5 to 7 years after quitting and then gradually decreased. The temporary increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes was directly proportional to weight gain, and the risk was not increased among quitters without weight gain (P<0.001 for interaction). In contrast, quitters did not have a temporary increase in mortality, regardless of weight change after quitting. As compared with current smokers, the hazard ratios for death from cardiovascular disease were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.88) among recent quitters without weight gain, 0.47 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.63) among those with weight gain of 0.1 to 5.0 kg, 0.25 (95% CI, 0.15 to 0.42) among those with weight gain of 5.1 to 10.0 kg, 0.33 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.60) among those with weight gain of more than 10.0 kg, and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.55) among longer-term quitters (>6 years since smoking cessation). Similar associations were observed for death from any cause. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking cessation that was accompanied by substantial weight gain was associated with an increased short-term risk of type 2 diabetes but did not mitigate the benefits of quitting smoking on reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
Source: New England Journal of Medicine
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
Awards: Biochemical and Genetic Markers of Type 2 Diabetes Risk, Dietary Etiologies of Heart Disease, Boston Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Life Course Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in Women, Environmental Obesogens and Weight Change in the POUNDS LOST Trial, Long Term Multidisciplinary Study of Cancer in Women: The Nurses Health Study, Pollutant-related diabetes in the Nurses' Health Study II, Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in Male Health Professionals, G9000058679, G9000122174, Life Course Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in Women, RISK FACTORS FOR CVD IN WOMEN, Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in Male Health Professionals, Circulating plasma metabolites, diet, and risk of type 2 diabetes
OpenAlex ID: W2887623751