Estimating Exposome Score for Schizophrenia Using Predictive Modeling Approach in Two Independent Samples: The Results From the EUGEI Study
Year: 2019
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Exposures constitute a dense network of the environment: exposome. Here, we argue for embracing the exposome paradigm to investigate the sum of nongenetic "risk" and show how predictive modeling approaches can be used to construct an exposome score (ES; an aggregated score of exposures) for schizophrenia. The training dataset consisted of patients with schizophrenia and controls, whereas the independent validation dataset consisted of patients, their unaffected siblings, and controls. Binary exposures were cannabis use, hearing impairment, winter birth, bullying, and emotional, physical, and sexual abuse along with physical and emotional neglect. We applied logistic regression (LR), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and Ridge penalized classification models to the training dataset. ESs, the sum of weighted exposures based on coefficients from each model, were calculated in the validation dataset. In addition, we estimated ES based on meta-analyses and a simple sum score of exposures. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic, and Nagelkerke's R2 were compared. The ESMeta-analyses performed the worst, whereas the sum score and the ESGNB were worse than the ESLR that performed similar to the ESLASSO and ESRIDGE. The ESLR distinguished patients from controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, P < .001), patients from siblings (OR = 1.58, P < .001), and siblings from controls (OR = 1.21, P = .001). An increase in ESLR was associated with a gradient increase of schizophrenia risk. In reference to the remaining fractions, the ESLR at top 30%, 20%, and 10% of the control distribution yielded ORs of 3.72, 3.74, and 4.77, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that predictive modeling approaches can be harnessed to evaluate the exposome.
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin
Authors: Lotta-Katrin Pries, Agustin Lage-Castellanos, Philippe Delespaul, Gunter Kenis, Jurjen J Luykx, Bochao D Lin, Alexander L Richards, Berna Akdede, Tolga Binbay, Vesile Altinyazar, Berna Yalinçetin, Güvem Gümüş-Akay, Burçin Cihan, Haldun Soygür, Halis Ulaş, Eylem Şahin Cankurtaran, Semra Ulusoy Kaymak, Marina M Mihaljevic, Sanja Andric Petrovic, Tijana Mirjanic, Miguel Bernardo, Bibiana Cabrera, Julio Bobes, Pilar A Saiz, María Paz García-Portilla, Julio Sanjuan, Eduardo J Aguilar, José Luis Santos, Estela Jiménez-López, Manuel Arrojo, Angel Carracedo, Gonzalo López, Javier González-Peñas, Mara Parellada, Nadja P Maric, Cem Atbaşoğlu, Alp Ucok, Köksal Alptekin, Meram Can Saka, Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) investigators, Behrooz Z Alizadeh, Therese van Amelsvoort, Richard Bruggeman, Wiepke Cahn, Lieuwe de Haan, Jurjen J Luykx, Ruud van Winkel, Bart P F Rutten, Jim van Os, Celso Arango, Michael O’Donovan, Bart P F Rutten, Jim van Os, Sinan Guloksuz
Institutions: Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Cuban Neuroscience Center, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, GGNet, Cardiff University, Dokuz Eylül University, Adnan Menderes University, Ankara University, Middle East Technical University, Güven Hospital, Ankara Atatürk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, University of Belgrade, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Universidad de Oviedo, Gobierno del Principado de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Universitat de València, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Istanbul University, King's College London, Yale University
Language: English
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,981
OpenAlex ID: W2964105260