Year: 2021
Type: article
Abstract: We demonstrate that global observations of high‐energy cosmic rays contribute to understanding unique characteristics of a large‐scale magnetic flux rope causing a magnetic storm in August 2018. Following a weak interplanetary shock on August 25, 2018, a magnetic flux rope caused an unexpectedly large geomagnetic storm. It is likely that this event became geoeffective because the flux rope was accompanied by a corotating interaction region and compressed by high‐speed solar wind following the flux rope. In fact, a Forbush decrease was observed in cosmic‐ray data inside the flux rope as expected, and a significant cosmic‐ray density increase exceeding the unmodulated level before the shock was also observed near the trailing edge of the flux rope. The cosmic‐ray density increase can be interpreted in terms of the adiabatic heating of cosmic rays near the trailing edge of the flux rope, as the corotating interaction region prevents free expansion of the flux rope and results in the compression near the trailing edge. A northeast‐directed spatial gradient in the cosmic‐ray density was also derived during the cosmic‐ray density increase, suggesting that the center of the heating near the trailing edge is located northeast of Earth. This is one of the best examples demonstrating that the observation of high‐energy cosmic rays provides us with information that can only be derived from the cosmic ray measurements to observationally constrain the three‐dimensional macroscopic picture of the interaction between coronal mass ejections and the ambient solar wind, which is essential for prediction of large magnetic storms.
Source: Space Weather
DOI: 10.1029/2020sw002531
Authors: W. Kihara, K. Munakata, C. Kato, R. Kataoka, A. Kadokura, S. Miyake, M. Kozai, T. Kuwabara, M. Tokumaru, R. R. S. Mendonça, E. Echer, A. Dal Lago, M. Rockenbach, N. J. Schuch, J. V. Bageston, C. R. Braga, H. K. Al Jassar, M. M. Sharma, M. L. Duldig, J. E. Humble, P. Evenson, I. Sabbah, J. Kóta
Institutions: Shinshu University, National Institute of Polar Research, Ibaraki National College of Technology, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Chiba University, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya University, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, George Mason University, Kuwait University, University of Tasmania, University of Delaware, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, College of Technological Studies, University of Arizona
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,500
Funders: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Kuwait University, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, National Institute of Polar Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Australian Antarctic Division, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology
OpenAlex ID: W3122431762