A Morphometric and Radiological Study of Sacral Hiatus in Human Adult Sacra and Its Clinical Relevance in Caudal Epidural Anaesthesia
Year: 2020
Type: editorial
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: The mean length of sacral hiatus in men and women was 27.81+1.17 mm and 24.73+2.21 mm, respectively. The mean anteroposterior diameter of the sacral hiatus at the apex was 6.24+2.73 mm in males and 6.63+2.81 mm in females. The transverse width of the sacral hiatus at the base was 17.56+1.81 mm in males and 17.92+2.59 mm in females. The location of the apex of sacral hiatus was the highest in number at the level of the fourth sacral vertebra (23.63%). The location of apex in radiographs of all lumbosacral spine S3 showed 49.09% maximum. The location of the base of the sacral hiatus was observed in the dry sacra at the level of the fifth sacral vertebra (64.54%). In the present study, different shapes of the sacral hiatus were recorded. The most common shape in males and females was inverted U shape (42.02%), followed by inverted V shape (26.08%) and dumbbell shape (12.31%). The least common shape was observed in the bifid sacra (5.07%). In 2.17% of cases, sacral hiatus was absent. Percentage of absence, agenesis, irregular, and bifid shapes were found rather in female than male sacra. An anteroposterior view of spine radiograph showed sacral hiatus agenesis in both females (7.81%) and males (4.34%). The anatomical knowledge of sacral hiatus and its variations are important in caudal epidural anesthesia, and it may improve the success rate of caudal epidural anesthesia.
Language: English
Subfield: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W3131995654