Development and Characterization of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium armourianum Interspecific Hybrids
Year: 2020
Type: article
Abstract: Interspecific triploid hybrid was developed between tetraploid cultivated species Gossypium hirsutum genotypes MCU 5 and TCH 1819and diploid wild species Gossypium amourianum. The F1 hybridity was confirmed through morphological and cytological studies. The ploidy level of interspecific F1 hybrids was triploid and male sterile. The maternal parents MCU 5 and TCH 1819 have exhibited erect growth habit, green stem, hairy stem and leaves, palmate, thick and prominent leaf veins, cream petals and embedded stigma. Both the hisutum genotypes MCU5 and TCH 1819 were showed similar expression in all morphological features except anther colour in which the MCU 5 showed dense yellow colour anther while dense creamy anther was observed in TCH 1819. The paternal parent diplpod wild species Gossypium armourianum had spreading growth habit, reddish green stem, cordate leaves, thin leaf veins, yellow petals, medium dense yellow anthers and protruded stigma. The growth habit, petal colour, leaf shape and size of interspecific F1 hybrids were intermediate. Plant stem colour and hairiness, leaf pubescence, anther colour and stigma protrusion of Gossypium armourianum were observed to be dominant and the hybrid fully resembled Gossypium armourianum for these characters. Petal spot was observed in Gossypium armourianum and in F1 hybrids while petal spot was not present in MCU 5 and TCH 1819. Variable expression of petal spot, anther colour and filament colour was observed in the F1 hybrids. Gossypium hirsutum genotypes MCU 5 and TCH 1819 had 52 chromosomes, Gossypium armourianum had 26 chromosomes and 39 chromosomes was observed in the interspecific F1 hybrids of MCU x Gossypium armourianum and TCH 1819 x Gossypium armourianum through mitotic chromosomal study. Significant differences were observed between pollen size, pollen fertility of parents and their hybrids. TheF1interspecific hybrids having more than 97 percent of sterile pollen grains. This F1may be utilized as a pre breeding genetic resource for transfer of cotton jassid resistance to American cotton in breeding programme.
Institution: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W3134421841