Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
Year: 2021
Type: article
Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ~6.5 × 109M⊙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87's spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.
Authors: Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, Fermi Large Area Telescope Collaboration, H.E.S.S. Collaboration, VERITAS Collaboration, EAVN Collaboration, MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, Victor A., Arbet Engels, Axel, Biland, Adrian, et al.
Institutions: University of Malaya, Villanova University, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Yale University, North-West University, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Pennsylvania State University, Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna, Leiden University, Radboud University Nijmegen, Leiden Observatory
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: National Science Foundation, Smithsonian Institution, U.S. Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John Templeton Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, Harvard University, University of Chicago, National Research Centre, University of Arizona, Compute Canada, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya, International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology, Joint Institute for Computational Fundamental Science, Government of Canada, Leverhulme Trust, European Commission, National Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Canada Research Chairs, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Academia Sinica, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Austrian Science Fund, Generalitat de Catalunya, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Generalitat Valenciana, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, National Research Foundation of Korea, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Vetenskapsrådet, Narodowym Centrum Nauki, Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost, China Scholarship Council, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, European Southern Observatory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Russian Science Foundation, Soochow University, Iran Telecommunication Research Center, National Commission on Research, Science and Technology, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações, University of Namibia, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Institut Périmètre de physique théorique, Korea Research Environment Open Network, East Asian Core Observatories Association, Toray Science Foundation, Office of Science, National Nuclear Security Administration, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, European Regional Development Fund, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Awards: G100543663, G1054097061, G1089506725, G1141912172, G1162841413, G1223573999, G1229526393, G1279347439, G1294705454, G1362816932, G1376384261, G1382750735, 魚肉の誘電特性からみた凍結過程ならびにねり製品製造過程中の水分子の挙動, G1429804522, G1442099541, G1459069146, G14724800, G1491530973, The iPlant Collaborative: Cyberinfrastructure for the Life Sciences, G1542914054, G1561258537, G1577218993, G1635920164, G1673313526, G1698084924, G1735320636, G1767413778, G1918422760, G1953852693, G196419191, G2018672397, G2063515313, CyVerse: Cyberinfrastructure for the Life Sciences, G2153927466, G22000355, G2209488408, G2313451655, Very high energy gamma-ray astronomy with the MAGIC and CTA telescopes, G2350976935, G2362016266, G2371548206, G2476986115, G2606674258, G2644707662, G2654172480, G2673512141, G2674016056, G2725620999, G2782160116, Estimation of State-price Densities, From micro- to mega-scales: understanding how black holes shape the local Universe, G2890563794, G2916289761, G2919197053, G2961849155, G2994312516, G303061748, Cosmological Research with the 10-meter South Pole Telescope, G3216677882, G3384621141, G3450300214, G3485823607, G3559887413, G3601229376, G3690828678, XSEDE 2.0: Integrating, Enabling and Enhancing National Cyberinfrastructure with Expanding Community Involvement, G3754743581, G3810963622, G3812616897, G3870743921, G3896122379, G3968781304, G3975875632, G3978510197, G4039573708, G4043408757, G4087634877, G4264918310, G4317403835, G4382344593, G4473368111, G454676879, G4565621674, G4654690619, G4711507462, G4719752971, G4773462989, G4811957025, G4823593025, G483607344, G4893408660, G490073602, G4910771025, G4949931570, G4950733632, G495301720, G498139845, G5020660627, The Black Hole Initiative: Towards a Center for Interdisciplinary Research, G512978686, G5141642347, G5208714711, Dualities and D-branes in time-dependent backgrounds, Physics Frontier Center at the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics: Pushing Cosmology to the Edge, G5332163600, G5438923238, G5473946529, G5555131222, G5570207115, G5607381282, G564594063, G572327435, G5725196288, G5802074783, G5845768719, G5915139351, G5952719842, G5965985481, G6024799018, G6088331546, G6107844833, PSCIC Full Proposal: The iPlant Collaborative: A Cyberinfrastructure-Centered Community for a New Plant Biology, G6155511183, G617271991, G629982474, DELINEATING THE PHYSICS OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES USING HIGH ANGULAR RESOLUTION INTERFEROMETRY, G6370598165, G6377940362, G6393254597, G640183566, G6597208257, G6649312515, G6654042060, G6728930308, G6731467812, G6754247554, G6775736318, G6791753710, G6806689448, G6823224962, G6877102632, G6880300208, G7038324121, G7047877648, G712881263, G7187699624, G7235548438, G7242652836, G7254049965, G7264451713, G7287345819, G7403601774, G7403790519, G7425137858, G7425775322, G7552552659, G757325902, G76655229, G7667495791, 磁気立体回路素子の磁束動作とその応用に関する研究, G7773797140, G7840098671, G7854666520, G7880226156, G7931011674, G7931907585, G7938408761, Multi-frequency multi-mode Terahertz screening for border checks, G8097222796, G8190758544, G8221463240, Advanced Radio Astronomy in Europe, G8354955189, G8382000481, Onsala space observatory infrastructure, G8412270318, G8419753110, G8524849061, Multi Sensor Fusion for Real-time Monitoring of Waste Water Quality, G8561313886, G8630692354, G8665465061, G8706419950, G8726098666, G872857259, G8752631986, G8847251832, G8911893824, G8945569637, G969889393, 基于超高分辨率观测的近邻超大质量黑洞研究
OpenAlex ID: W3155377086