Year: 2021
Type: article
Abstract: The evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus leads to new variants that warrant timely epidemiological characterization. Here we use the dense genomic surveillance data generated by the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium to reconstruct the dynamics of 71 different lineages in each of 315 English local authorities between September 2020 and June 2021. This analysis reveals a series of subepidemics that peaked in early autumn 2020, followed by a jump in transmissibility of the B.1.1.7/Alpha lineage. The Alpha variant grew when other lineages declined during the second national lockdown and regionally tiered restrictions between November and December 2020. A third more stringent national lockdown suppressed the Alpha variant and eliminated nearly all other lineages in early 2021. Yet a series of variants (most of which contained the spike E484K mutation) defied these trends and persisted at moderately increasing proportions. However, by accounting for sustained introductions, we found that the transmissibility of these variants is unlikely to have exceeded the transmissibility of the Alpha variant. Finally, B.1.617.2/Delta was repeatedly introduced in England and grew rapidly in early summer 2021, constituting approximately 98% of sampled SARS-CoV-2 genomes on 26 June 2021.
Source: Nature
Authors: Harald S. Vöhringer, Theo Sanderson, Matthew Sinnott, Nicola De Maio, Thuy Nguyen, Richard Goater, Frank Schwach, Ian Harrison, Joel Hellewell, Cristina V. Ariani, Sonia Gonçalves, David K. Jackson, Ian Johnston, Alexander W. Jung, Callum Saint, John Sillitoe, Maria Suciu, Nick Goldman, Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths, Irina Abnizova, Louise Aigrain, Alex Alderton, Mozam Ali, Laura Allen, Roberto Amato, Ralph Anderson, Cristina Ariani, Siobhan Austin-Guest, Sendu Bala, Jeffrey Barrett, Andrew Bassett, Kristina Battleday, James Beal, Mathew Beale, Charlotte Beaver, Sam Bellany, Tristram Bellerby, Katie Bellis, Duncan Berger, Matt Berriman, Emma Betteridge, Paul Bevan, Simon Binley, Jason Bishop, Kirsty Blackburn, James Bonfield, Nick Boughton, Sam Bowker, Timothy Brendler-Spaeth, Iraad Bronner, Tanya Brooklyn, Sarah Kay Buddenborg, Robert Bush, Catarina Caetano, Alex Cagan, Nicola Carter, Joanna Cartwright, Tiago Carvalho Monteiro, Liz Chapman, Tracey-Jane Chillingworth, Peter Clapham, Richard Clark, Adrian Clarke, Catriona Clarke, Daryl Cole, Elizabeth Cook, Maria Coppola, Linda Cornell, Clare Cornwell, Craig Corton, Abby Crackett, Alison Cranage, Harriet Craven, Sarah Craw, Mark Crawford, Tim Cutts, Monika Dabrowska, Matt Davies, Robert Davies, Joseph Dawson, Callum Day, Aiden Densem, Thomas Dibling, Cat Dockree, David Dodd, Sunil Dogga, Matthew Dorman, Gordon Dougan, Martin Dougherty, Alexander Dove, Lucy Drummond, Eleanor Drury, Monika Dudek, Jillian Durham, Laura Durrant, Elizabeth Easthope, Sabine Eckert, Pete Ellis, Ben Farr, Michael Fenton, Marcella Ferrero, Neil Flack, Howerd Fordham, Grace Forsythe, Luke Foulser, Matt Francis, Audrey Fraser, Adam Freeman, Anastasia Galvin, Maria Garcia-Casado, Alex Gedny, Sophia Girgis, James Glover, Sonia Goncalves, Scott Goodwin, Oliver Gould, Marina Gourtovaia, Andy Gray, Emma Gray, Coline Griffiths, Yong Gu, Florence Guerin, Will Hamilton, Hannah Hanks, Ewan Harrison, Alexandria Harrott, Edward Harry, Julia Harvison, Paul Heath, Anastasia Hernandez-Koutoucheva, Rhiannon Hobbs, Dave Holland, Sarah Holmes, Gary Hornett, Nicholas Hough, Liz Huckle, Lena Hughes-Hallet, Adam Hunter, Stephen Inglis, Sameena Iqbal, Adam Jackson, David Jackson, Keith James, Dorota Jamrozy, Carlos Jimenez Verdejo, Matthew Jones, Kalyan Kallepally, Leanne Kane, Keely Kay, Sally Kay, Jon Keatley, Alan Keith, Alison King, Lucy Kitchin, Matt Kleanthous, Martina Klimekova, Petra Korlevic, Ksenia Krasheninnkova, Greg Lane, Cordelia Langford, Adam Laverack, Katharine Law, Mara Lawniczak, Stefanie Lensing, Steven Leonard, Laura Letchford, Kevin Lewis, Amanah Lewis-Wade, Jennifer Liddle, Quan Lin, Sarah Lindsay, Sally Linsdell, Rich Livett, Stephanie Lo, Rhona Long, Jamie Lovell, Jon Lovell, Catherine Ludden, James Mack, Mark Maddison, Aleksei Makunin, Irfan Mamun, Jenny Mansfield, Neil Marriott, Matt Martin, Matthew Mayho, Shane McCarthy, Jo McClintock, Samantha McGuigan, Sandra McHugh, Liz McMinn, Carl Meadows, Emily Mobley, Robin Moll, Maria Morra, Leanne Morrow, Kathryn Murie, Sian Nash, Claire Nathwani, Plamena Naydenova, Alexandra Neaverson, Rachel Nelson, Ed Nerou, Jon Nicholson, Tabea Nimz, Guillaume G. Noell, Sarah O’Meara, Valeriu Ohan, Karen Oliver, Charles Olney, Doug Ormond, Agnes Oszlanczi, Steve Palmer, Yoke Fei Pang, Barbora Pardubska, Naomi Park, Aaron Parmar, Gaurang Patel, Minal Patel, Maggie Payne, Sharon Peacock, Arabella Petersen, Deborah Plowman, Tom Preston, Liam Prestwood, Christoph Puethe, Michael Quail, Diana Rajan, Shavanthi Rajatileka, Richard Rance, Suzannah Rawlings, Nicholas Redshaw, Joe Reynolds, Mark Reynolds, Simon Rice, Matt Richardson, Connor Roberts, Katrina Robinson, Melanie Robinson, David Robinson, Hazel Rogers, Eduardo Martin Rojo, Daljit Roopra, Mark Rose, Luke Rudd, Ramin Sadri, Nicholas Salmon, David Saul, Frank Schwach, Carol Scott, Phil Seekings, Lesley Shirley, Alison Simms, Matthew Sinnott, Shanthi Sivadasan, Bart Siwek, Dale Sizer, Kenneth Skeldon, Jason Skelton, Joanna Slater-Tunstill, Lisa Sloper, Nathalie Smerdon, Chris Smith, Christen Smith, James Smith, Katie Smith, Michelle Smith, Sean Smith, Tina Smith, Leighton Sneade, Carmen Diaz Soria, Catarina Sousa, Emily Souster, Andrew Sparkes, Michael Spencer-Chapman, Janet Squares, Robert Stanley, Claire Steed, Tim Stickland, Ian Still, Michael R. Stratton, Michelle Strickland, Allen Swann, Agnieszka Swiatkowska, Neil Sycamore, Emma Swift, Edward Symons, Suzanne Szluha, Emma Taluy, Nunu Tao, Katy Taylor, Sam Taylor, Stacey Thompson, Mark Thompson, Mark Thomson, Nicholas Thomson, Scott Thurston, Gerry Tonkin-Hill, Dee Toombs, Benjamin Topping, Jaime Tovar-Corona, Daniel Ungureanu, James Uphill, Jana Urbanova, Philip Jansen Van Vuuren, Valerie Vancollie, Paul Voak, Danielle Walker, Matthew Walker, Matt Waller, Gary Ward, Charlie Weatherhogg, Niki Webb, Danni Weldon, Alan Wells, Eloise Wells, Luke Westwood, Theo Whipp, Thomas Whiteley, Georgia Whitton, Andrew Whitwham, Sara Widaa, Mia Williams, Mark Wilson, Sean Wright, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, metadata curation, project administration, samples and logistics, sequencing and analysis, software and analysis tools, and visualization, Samuel C. Robson, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, metadata curation, project administration, samples and logistics, sequencing and analysis, and software and analysis tools, Thomas R. Connor, Nicholas J. Loman, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, project administration, samples and logistics, sequencing and analysis, software and analysis tools, and visualization, Tanya Golubchik, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, metadata curation, samples and logistics, sequencing and analysis, and visualization, Rocio T. Martinez Nunez, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, project administration, samples and logistics, sequencing and analysis, and software and analysis tools, David Bonsall, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, project administration, sequencing and analysis, software and analysis tools, and visualization, Andrew Rambaut, Funding acquisition, metadata curation, project administration, samples and logistics, sequencing and analysis, and software and analysis tools, Luke B. Snell, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, project administration, samples and logistics, software and analysis tools, and visualization, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, metadata curation, project administration, and samples and logistics, Catherine Ludden, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, metadata curation, samples and logistics, and sequencing and analysis, Sally Corden, Eleni Nastouli, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, metadata curation, sequencing and analysis, and software and analysis tools, Gaia Nebbia, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, project administration, samples and logistics, and sequencing and analysis, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, project administration, samples and logistics, and sequencing and analysis, Katrina Lythgoe, M. Estee Torok, Ian G. Goodfellow, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, project administration, samples and logistics, and visualization, Jacqui A. Prieto, Kordo Saeed, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, project administration, sequencing and analysis, and software and analysis tools, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, samples and logistics, sequencing and analysis, and visualization, Catherine Houlihan, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, sequencing and analysis, software and analysis tools, and visualization, Dan Frampton, Metadata curation, project administration, samples and logistics, sequencing and analysis, and software and analysis tools, William L. Hamilton, Adam A. Witney, Funding acquisition, samples and logistics, sequencing and analysis, and visualization, Giselda Bucca, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, metadata curation and project administration, Cassie F. Pope, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, metadata curation, and samples and logistics, Catherine Moore, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, metadata curation, and sequencing and analysis, Emma C. Thomson, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, project administration, and samples and logistics, Ewan M. Harrison, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, sequencing and analysis, and visualization, Colin P. Smith, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, project administration, and sequencing and analysis, Fiona Rogan, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, project administration, and samples and logistics, Shaun M. Beckwith, Abigail Murray, Dawn Singleton, Kirstine Eastick, Liz A. Sheridan, Paul Randell, Leigh M. Jackson, Sónia Gonçalves, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, samples and logistics, and sequencing and analysis, Derek J. Fairley, Matthew W. Loose, Joanne Watkins, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, samples and logistics, and visualization, Samuel Moses, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, sequencing and analysis, and software and analysis tools, Sam Nicholls, Matthew Bull, Leadership and supervision, project administration, samples and logistics, and sequencing and analysis, Darren L. Smith, Leadership and supervision, sequencing and analysis, software and analysis tools, and visualization, David M. Aanensen, Metadata curation, project administration, samples and logistics, and sequencing and analysis, Dinesh Aggarwal, James G. Shepherd, Martin D. Curran, Surendra Parmar, Metadata curation, project administration, sequencing and analysis, and software and analysis tools, Matthew D. Parker, Metadata curation, samples and logistics, sequencing and analysis, and software and analysis tools, Catryn Williams, Metadata curation, samples and logistics, sequencing and analysis, and visualization, Sharon Glaysher, Metadata curation, sequencing and analysis, software and analysis tools, and visualization, Anthony P. Underwood, Matthew Bashton, Nicole Pacchiarini, Katie F. Loveson, Matthew Byott, Project administration, sequencing and analysis, software and analysis tools, and visualization, Alessandro M. Carabelli, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, and metadata curation, Kate E. Templeton, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, and project administration, Thushan I. de Silva, Dennis Wang, Cordelia F. Langford, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, and samples and logistics, Rory N. Gunson, Funding acquisition, leadership and supervision, and sequencing and analysis, Simon Cottrell, Justin O’Grady, Dominic Kwiatkowski, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation and project administration, Patrick J. Lillie, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, and samples and logistics, Nicholas Cortes, Nathan Moore, Claire Thomas, Phillipa J. Burns, Tabitha W. Mahungu, Steven Liggett, Leadership and supervision, metadata curation, and sequencing and analysis, Angela H. Beckett, Matthew T. G. Holden, Leadership and supervision, project administration, and samples and logistics, Lisa J. Levett, Husam Osman, Mohammed O. Hassan-Ibrahim, Leadership and supervision, project administration, and sequencing and analysis, David A. Simpson, Leadership and supervision, samples and logistics, and sequencing and analysis, Meera Chand, Ravi K. Gupta, Alistair C. Darby, Steve Paterson, Leadership and supervision, sequencing and analysis, and software and analysis tools, Oliver G. Pybus, Erik Volz, Daniela de Angelis, David L. Robertson, Andrew J. Page, Leadership and supervision, sequencing and analysis, and visualization, Andrew R. Bassett, Metadata curation, project administration, and samples and logistics, Nick Wong, Yusri Taha, Michelle J. Erkiert, Michael H. Spencer Chapman, Metadata curation, project administration, and sequencing and analysis, Rebecca Dewar, Martin P. McHugh, Metadata curation, project administration, and software and analysis tools, Siddharth Mookerjee, Metadata curation, project administration and visualization, Stephen Aplin, Matthew Harvey, Thea Sass, Helen Umpleby, Helen Wheeler, Metadata curation, samples and logistics, and sequencing and analysis, James P. McKenna, Ben Warne, Joshua F. Taylor, Yasmin Chaudhry, Rhys Izuagbe, Aminu S. Jahun, Gregory R. Young, Claire McMurray, Clare M. McCann, Andrew Nelson, Scott Elliott, Metadata curation, samples and logistics, and visualization, Hannah Lowe, Metadata curation, sequencing and analysis, and software and analysis tools, Anna Price, Matthew R. Crown, Sara Rey, Sunando Roy, Ben Temperton, Metadata curation, sequencing and analysis, and visualization, Sharif Shaaban, Andrew R. Hesketh, Project administration, samples and logistics, and sequencing and analysis, Kenneth G. Laing, Irene M. Monahan, Judith Heaney, Project administration, samples and logistics, and visualization, Emanuela Pelosi, Siona Silviera, Eleri Wilson-Davies, Samples and logistics, software and analysis tools, and visualization, Helen Fryer, Sequencing and analysis, software and analysis tools, and visualization, Helen Adams, Louis du Plessis, Rob Johnson, William T. Harvey, Joseph Hughes, Richard J. Orton, Lewis G. Spurgin, Yann Bourgeois, Chris Ruis, Áine O’Toole, Theo Sanderson, Funding acquisition, and leadership and supervision, Christophe Fraser, Jonathan Edgeworth, Judith Breuer, Stephen L. Michell, John A. Todd, Funding acquisition and project administration, Michaela John, David Buck, Leadership and supervision, and metadata curation, Kavitha Gajee, Gemma L. Kay, Leadership and supervision, and project administration, Sharon J. Peacock, David Heyburn, Leadership and supervision, and samples and logistics, Katie Kitchman, Alan McNally, David T. Pritchard, Samir Dervisevic, Peter Muir, Esther Robinson, Barry B. Vipond, Newara A. Ramadan, Christopher Jeanes, Jana Catalan, Neil Jones, Leadership and supervision, and sequencing and analysis, Ana da Silva Filipe, Chris Williams, Marc Fuchs, Julia Miskelly, Aaron R. Jeffries, Naomi R. Park, Metadata curation, and samples and logistics, Amy Ash, Cherian Koshy, Magdalena Barrow, Sarah L. Buchan, Anna Mantzouratou, Gemma Clark, Christopher W. Holmes, Sharon Campbell, Thomas Davis, Ngee Keong Tan, Julianne R. Brown, Kathryn A. Harris, Stephen P. Kidd, Paul R. Grant, Li Xu-McCrae, Alison Cox, Pinglawathee Madona, Marcus Pond, Paul A. Randell, Karen T. Withell, Cheryl Williams, Clive Graham, Rebecca Denton-Smith, Emma Swindells, Robyn Turnbull, Tim J. Sloan, Andrew Bosworth, Stephanie Hutchings, Hannah M. Pymont, Anna Casey, Liz Ratcliffe, Christopher R. Jones, Bridget A. Knight, Tanzina Haque, Jennifer Hart, Dianne Irish-Tavares, Eric Witele, Craig Mower, Louisa K. Watson, Jennifer Collins, Gary Eltringham, Dorian Crudgington, Ben Macklin, Miren Iturriza-Gomara, Anita O. Lucaci, Patrick C. McClure, Metadata curation, and sequencing and analysis, Matthew Carlile, Nadine Holmes, Christopher Moore, Nathaniel Storey, Stefan Rooke, Gonzalo Yebra, Noel Craine, Malorie Perry, Nabil-Fareed Alikhan, Stephen Bridgett, Kate F. Cook, Christopher Fearn, Salman Goudarzi, Ronan A. Lyons, Thomas Williams, Sam T. Haldenby, Metadata curation, and software and analysis tools, Robert M. Davies, Project administration, and samples and logistics, Rahul Batra, Beth Blane, Moira J. Spyer, Perminder Smith, Mehmet Yavus, Rachel J. Williams, Adhyana I. K. Mahanama, Buddhini Samaraweera, Sophia T. Girgis, Samantha E. Hansford, Angie Green, Katherine L. Bellis, Matthew J. Dorman, Project administration, and sequencing and analysis, Joshua Quick, Project administration, and software and analysis tools, Radoslaw Poplawski, Samples and logistics, and sequencing and analysis, Nicola Reynolds, Andrew Mack, Arthur Morriss, Thomas Whalley, Bindi Patel, Iliana Georgana, Myra Hosmillo, Malte L. Pinckert, Joanne Stockton, John H. Henderson, Amy Hollis, William Stanley, Wen C. Yew, Richard Myers, Alicia Thornton, Alexander Adams, Tara Annett, Hibo Asad, Alec Birchley, Jason Coombes, Johnathan M. Evans, Laia Fina, Bree Gatica-Wilcox, Lauren Gilbert, Lee Graham, Jessica Hey, Ember Hilvers, Sophie Jones, Hannah Jones, Sara Kumziene-Summerhayes, Caoimhe McKerr, Jessica Powell, Georgia Pugh, Sarah Taylor, Alexander J. Trotter, Charlotte A. Williams, Leanne M. Kermack, Benjamin H. Foulkes, Marta Gallis, Hailey R. Hornsby, Stavroula F. Louka, Manoj Pohare, Paige Wolverson, Peijun Zhang, George MacIntyre-Cockett, Amy Trebes, Robin J. Moll, Lynne Ferguson, Emily J. Goldstein, Alasdair Maclean, Rachael Tomb, Samples and logistics, and software and analysis tools, Igor Starinskij, Sequencing and analysis, and software and analysis tools, Laura Thomson, Joel Southgate, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Jayna Raghwani, Alex E. Zarebski, Olivia Boyd, Lily Geidelberg, Chris J. Illingworth, Chris Jackson, David Pascall, Sreenu Vattipally, Timothy M. Freeman, Sharon N. Hsu, Benjamin B. Lindsey, Jaime M. Tovar-Corona, Sequencing and analysis, and visualization, MacGregor Cox, Software and analysis tools, and visualization, Khalil Abudahab, Mirko Menegazzo, Ben E. W. Taylor, Corin A. Yeats, Afrida Mukaddas, Derek W. Wright, Leonardo de Oliveira Martins, Rachel Colquhoun, Verity Hill, Ben Jackson, J. T. McCrone, Nathan Medd, Emily Scher, Jon-Paul Keatley, Leadership and supervision, Tanya Curran, Sian Morgan, Patrick Maxwell, Ken Smith, Sahar Eldirdiri, Anita Kenyon, Alison H. Holmes, James R. Price, Tim Wyatt, Alison E. Mather, Timofey Skvortsov, John A. Hartley, Metadata curation, Martyn Guest, Christine Kitchen, Ian Merrick, Robert Munn, Beatrice Bertolusso, Jessica Lynch, Gabrielle Vernet, Stuart Kirk, Elizabeth Wastnedge, Rachael Stanley, Giles Idle, Declan T. Bradley, Jennifer Poyner, Matilde Mori, Project administration, Owen Jones, Victoria Wright, Ellena Brooks, Carol M. Churcher, Mireille Fragakis, Katerina Galai, Andrew Jermy, Sarah Judges, Georgina M. McManus, Kim S. Smith, Elaine Westwick, Stephen W. Attwood, Frances Bolt, Alisha Davies, Elen De Lacy, Fatima Downing, Sue Edwards, Lizzie Meadows, Sarah Jeremiah, Nikki Smith, Samples and logistics, Themoula Charalampous, Amita Patel, Louise Berry, Tim Boswell, Vicki M. Fleming, Hannah C. Howson-Wells, Amelia Joseph, Manjinder Khakh, Michelle M. Lister, Paul W. Bird, Karlie Fallon, Thomas Helmer, Claire L. McMurray, Mina Odedra, Jessica Shaw, Julian W. Tang, Nicholas J. Willford, Victoria Blakey, Veena Raviprakash, Nicola Sheriff, Lesley-Anne Williams, Theresa Feltwell, Luke Bedford, James S. Cargill, Warwick Hughes, Jonathan Moore, Susanne Stonehouse, Laura Atkinson, Jack C. D. Lee, Divya Shah, Adela Alcolea, Natasha Ohemeng-Kumi, John Ramble, Jasveen Sehmi, Rebecca Williams, Wendy Chatterton, Monika Pusok, William Everson, Anibolina Castigador, Emily Macnaughton, Kate El Bouzidi, Temi Lampejo, Malur Sudhanva, Cassie Breen, Graciela Sluga, Shazaad S. Y. Ahmad, Ryan P. George, Nicholas W. Machin, Debbie Binns, Victoria James, Rachel Blacow, Lindsay Coupland, Louise Smith, Edward Barton, Debra Padgett, Garren Scott, Aidan Cross, Mariyam Mirfenderesky, Jane Greenaway, Kevin Cole, Phillip Clarke, Nichola Duckworth, Sarah Walsh, Kelly Bicknell, Robert Impey, Sarah Wyllie, Richard Hopes, Chloe Bishop, Vicki Chalker, Laura Gifford, Zoltan Molnar, Cressida Auckland, Cariad Evans, Kate Johnson, David G. Partridge, Mohammad Raza, Paul Baker, Stephen Bonner, Sarah Essex, Leanne J. Murray, Andrew I. Lawton, Shirelle Burton-Fanning, Brendan A. I. Payne, Sheila Waugh, Andrea N. Gomes, Maimuna Kimuli, Darren R. Murray, Paula Ashfield, Donald Dobie, Fiona Ashford, Angus Best, Liam Crawford, Nicola Cumley, Megan Mayhew, Oliver Megram, Jeremy Mirza, Emma Moles-Garcia, Benita Percival, Leah Ensell, Helen L. Lowe, Laurentiu Maftei, Matteo Mondani, Nicola J. Chaloner, Benjamin J. Cogger, Lisa J. Easton, Hannah Huckson, Jonathan Lewis, Sarah Lowdon, Cassandra S. Malone, Florence Munemo, Manasa Mutingwende, Roberto Nicodemi, Olga Podplomyk, Thomas Somassa, Andrew Beggs, Alex Richter, Claire Cormie, Joana Dias, Sally Forrest, Ellen E. Higginson, Mailis Maes, Jamie Young, Rose K. Davidson, Kathryn A. Jackson, Lance Turtle, Alexander J. Keeley, Jonathan Ball, Timothy Byaruhanga, Joseph G. Chappell, Jayasree Dey, Jack D. Hill, Emily J. Park, Arezou Fanaie, Rachel A. Hilson, Geraldine Yaze, Sequencing and analysis, Safiah Afifi, Robert Beer, Joshua Maksimovic, Kathryn McCluggage Masters, Karla Spellman, Catherine Bresner, William Fuller, Angela Marchbank, Trudy Workman, Ekaterina Shelest, Johnny Debebe, Fei Sang, Marina Escalera Zamudio, Sarah Francois, Bernardo Gutierrez, Tetyana I. Vasylyeva, Flavia Flaviani, Manon Ragonnet-Cronin, Katherine L. Smollett, Alice Broos, Daniel Mair, Jenna Nichols, Kyriaki Nomikou, Lily Tong, Ioulia Tsatsani, Sarah O’Brien, Steven Rushton, Roy Sanderson, Jon Perkins, Seb Cotton, Abbie Gallagher, Elias Allara, Clare Pearson, David Bibby, Gavin Dabrera, Nicholas Ellaby, Eileen Gallagher, Jonathan Hubb, Angie Lackenby, David Lee, Nikos Manesis, Tamyo Mbisa, Steven Platt, Katherine A. Twohig, Mari Morgan, Alp Aydin, David J. Baker, Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko, Sophie J. Prosolek, Steven Rudder, Chris Baxter, Sílvia F. Carvalho, Deborah Lavin, Arun Mariappan, Clara Radulescu, Aditi Singh, Miao Tang, Helen Morcrette, Nadua Bayzid, Marius Cotic, Carlos E. Balcazar, Michael D. Gallagher, Daniel Maloney, Thomas D. Stanton, Kathleen A. Williamson, Robin Manley, Michelle L. Michelsen, Christine M. Sambles, David J. Studholme, Joanna Warwick-Dugdale, Richard Eccles, Matthew Gemmell, Richard Gregory, Margaret Hughes, Charlotte Nelson, Lucille Rainbow, Edith E. Vamos, Hermione J. Webster, Mark Whitehead, Claudia Wierzbicki, Adrienn Angyal, Luke R. Green, Max Whiteley, Iraad F. Bronner, Ben W. Farr, Stefanie V. Lensing, Shane A. McCarthy, Michael A. Quail, Nicholas M. Redshaw, Scott A. J. Thurston, Software and analysis tools, Will Rowe, Amy Gaskin, Thanh Le-Viet, Jennifier Liddle, Ewan Birney, Erik Volz, Sebastian Funk, Dominic Kwiatkowski, Meera Chand, Inigo Martincorena, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Moritz Gerstung
Institutions: European Bioinformatics Institute, The Francis Crick Institute, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Public Health England, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Brighton, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Public Health Wales, University of Portsmouth, Cardiff University, University of Birmingham, King's College London, University of Edinburgh, Guy's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, University College Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, St George's, University of London, MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Queen's University Belfast, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Poole Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Northumbria University, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Sheffield, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, North West London Pathology, Quadram Institute, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Kent, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Public Health Scotland, University of Liverpool, Imperial College London, MRC Biostatistics Unit, Royal Oldham Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NHS Lothian, National Institute for Health and Care Research, University of East Anglia, Heartlands Hospital, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Norfolk County Council, Centre for Human Genetics, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University of St Andrews, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn NHS Foundation Trust, Whittington Health NHS Trust, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Barking, Havering And Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Bournemouth University, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Kettering General Hospital, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Swansea University, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Barts Health NHS Trust, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Public Health Agency, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Isle of Wight NHS Trust, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, North Middlesex Hospital, COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Watford General Hospital, Newcastle University, German Cancer Research Center
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $11,390
Awards: G143460415, Population genomic analysis of HIV transmission fitness, G1991282833, G2040478069, Real-time modelling for forecasts during infectious disease outbreaks, Population genomic analysis of HIV transmission fitness, Revealing the systems biology of malaria with a super-resolution atlas of the Plasmodium parasite, Using parasite population genomics to improve understanding of malaria epidemiology, G3678162129, G5352452687, G6520098237, G6838766548, Real-time modelling for forecasts during infectious disease outbreaks, Revealing the systems biology of malaria with a super-resolution atlas of the Plasmodium parasite, G8092665698, G8123235825, G8635116759
OpenAlex ID: W3206575932