The potential role of HIV-1 latency in promoting neuroinflammation and HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder
Year: 2022
Type: review
Abstract: Despite potent suppression of HIV-1 viral replication in the central nervous system (CNS) by antiretroviral therapy (ART), between 15% and 60% of HIV-1-infected patients receiving ART exhibit neuroinflammation and symptoms of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) - a significant unmet challenge. We propose that the emergence of HIV-1 from latency in microglia underlies both neuroinflammation in the CNS and the progression of HAND. Recent molecular studies of cellular silencing mechanisms of HIV-1 in microglia show that HIV-1 latency can be reversed both by proinflammatory cytokines and by signals from damaged neurons, potentially creating intermittent cycles of HIV-1 reactivation and silencing in the brain. We posit that anti-inflammatory agents that also block HIV-1 reactivation, such as nuclear receptor agonists, might provide new putative therapeutic avenues for the treatment of HAND.
Source: Trends in Immunology
Institution: Case Western Reserve University
Language: English
Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $6,700
Awards: Regulation of HIV latency by microglial-neuronal interactions, Targeted inactivation of HIV in CNS reservoirs, Drugs of abuse and the epigenetic and signaling pathways controlling HIV latency, Reversal of HIV latency by METH and Inflammation, Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research (Case/UHC-Pitt CFAR)
OpenAlex ID: W4285097503