International Asteroid Warning Network Timing Campaign: 2019 XS

Year: 2022

Type: article

Abstract: As part of the International Asteroid Warning Network's observational exercises, we conducted a campaign to observe near-Earth asteroid 2019 XS around its close approach to Earth on 2021 November 9. The goal of the campaign was to characterize errors in the observation times reported to the Minor Planet Center, which become an increasingly important consideration as astrometric accuracy improves and more fast-moving asteroids are observed. As part of the exercise, a total of 957 astrometric observations of 2019 XS during the encounter were reported and subsequently were analyzed to obtain the corresponding residuals. While the timing errors are typically smaller than 1 s, the reported times appear to be negatively biased, i.e., they are generally earlier than they should be. We also compared the observer-provided position uncertainty with the cross-track residuals, which are independent of timing errors. A large fraction of the estimated uncertainties appear to be optimistic, especially when <0.″2. We compiled individual reports for each observer to help identify and remove the root cause of any possible timing error and improve the uncertainty quantification process. We suggest possible sources of timing errors and describe a simple procedure to derive reliable, conservative position uncertainties.

Source: The Planetary Science Journal

DOI: 10.3847/psj/ac7224

Authors: Davide Farnocchia, Vishnu Reddy, James M. Bauer, Elizabeth M. Warner, Marco Micheli, Matthew J. Payne, Tony Farnham, Michael S. Kelley, David D. Balam, Anatoly P. Barkov, Daniel Berteşteanu, Mirel Birlan, Bryce T. Bolin, Melissa J. Brucker, Luca Buzzi, Kenneth C. Chambers, Lukas Demetz, Anlaug A. Djupvik, Leonid Elenin, Paolo Fini, Randy Flynn, Gianni Galli, Xing Gao, Marcin Gȩdek, Mikael Granvik, Werner Hasubick, Alexander L. Ivanov, Viktor A. Ivanov, Natalya V. Ivanova, Cristóvão Jaques, Anni Kasikov, Myung-Jin Kim, David Lane, Hee-Jae Lee, Bin Li, Fan Li, Tim Lister, Vadim E. Lysenko, Eugene A. Magnier, Nawaz Mahomed, Jennie McCormick, Darrel Moon, Alessandro Nastasi, Dan A. Nedelcu, Guenther Neue, Elisabeta Petrescu, Marcel Popescu, Enrico Prosperi, Rafał Reszelewski, Dong-Goo Roh, Filipp D. Romanov, Toni Santana-Ros, Anastasia Schmalz, Sergei Schmalz, James V. Scotti, Robert Seaman, Nick Sioulas, Adrian B. Sonka, David J. Tholen, Madalina M. Trelia, Richard Wainscoat, Xin Wang, Guy Wells, Robert Weryk, Nikolai A. Yakovenko, Quanzhi Ye, Hong-Suh Yim, Chengxing Zhai, Chen Zhang, Haibin Zhao, Tinglei Zhu, Michał Żołnowski

Institutions: California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of Arizona, University of Maryland, College Park, Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA Planetary Science, Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, National Research Council Canada, Kuban State University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire de Paris, Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides, Romanian Academy, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, University of Hawaii System, Aarhus University, Nordic Optical Telescope, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, University of Helsinki, Luleå University of Technology, Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Saint Mary's University, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Stellenbosch University, Farm Cove Observatory, TU Dortmund University, European Space Operations Centre, Abbey Ridge Observatory, University of Alicante, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, Russian Academy of Sciences, Romanian Space Agency, University of Bucharest, Western University

Language: English

Topic: Astro and Planetary Science

Subfield: Space and Planetary Science

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,800

Funders: National Science Foundation, Smithsonian Institution, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, California Institute of Technology, Aarhus Universitet, University of Washington, University of Maryland, Pomona College, European Commission, Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Universitetet i Oslo, Háskóli Íslands, Turun Yliopisto, Universitat de Barcelona, Autoritatea Natională pentru Cercetare Stiintifică, Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii, Stockholms Universitet, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Canadian Space Agency, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology

OpenAlex ID: W4285098433